公开(公告)号：US06734956B2

公开(公告)日：2004-05-11

申请号：US10139577

申请日：2002-05-06

申请人： Michael J. Byrne ,  Keshav D. Sharma ,  Robert C. Atkinson ,  Bruce R. Cordier

发明人： Michael J. Byrne ,  Keshav D. Sharma ,  Robert C. Atkinson ,  Bruce R. Cordier

IPC分类号： G01N2141

CPC分类号： G01N21/4133

摘要： An optical configuration for measuring a difference in refractive index between a first sample and a second sample comprises partitioned first and second optical interfaces symmetrically illuminated by an illumination beam to provide first and second partial beams defined by the refractive index of the first and second samples, respectively. A linear scanned array is aligned in a meridional plane of the optical configuration for detection purposes, and an optical multiplexor is provided upstream of the linear scanned array for receiving the first and second partial beams and defining first and second optical channels carrying optical signal information corresponding to the first and second partial beams. The optical multiplexor switches between optical channels, such that the linear scanned array detects either the first or second optical channel at a given time. Thus, differential measurements are possible using a single linear array. Embodiments for critical angle and surface plasmon resonance refractive index measurements are disclosed. The disclosure also relates to methods for measuring a difference in refractive index between a first sample and a second sample in accordance with the described optical configuration embodiments.

摘要翻译： 用于测量第一样品和第二样品之间的折射率差异的光学配置包括由照明光束对称地照射的划分的第一和第二光学界面，以提供由第一和第二样品的折射率限定的第一和第二部分光束， 分别。 线性扫描阵列在光学配置的子午平面中对准以用于检测目的，并且在线性扫描阵列的上游提供光学多路复用器，用于接收第一和第二部分波束，并且定义携带相应的光信号信息的第一和第二光学通道 到第一和第二部分光束。 光学多路复用器在光学通道之间切换，使得线性扫描阵列在给定时间检测第一或第二光学通道。 因此，使用单个线性阵列可以进行差分测量。 公开了用于临界角和表面等离子共振折射率测量的实施例。 本公开还涉及根据所述光学配置实施例测量第一样品和第二样品之间的折射率差的方法。

公开(公告)号：US06172746B2

公开(公告)日：2001-01-09

申请号：US09429123

申请日：1999-10-27

申请人： Michael J. Byrne ,  Thomas E. Ryan ,  Kyle R. Bleyle ,  Keshav D. Sharma ,  Robert C. Atkinson ,  David J. Cash

发明人： Michael J. Byrne ,  Thomas E. Ryan ,  Kyle R. Bleyle ,  Keshav D. Sharma ,  Robert C. Atkinson ,  David J. Cash

IPC分类号： G01N2141

CPC分类号： G01N21/4133

摘要： A transmitted light refractometer comprises an optical system having a movable mirror for redirecting light transmitted through a light-refracting sample to a beam splitter for dividing the light between first and second detection paths. The first detection path leads to an eyepiece whereby an operator may view an illumination boundary shadowline brought into the field of view of the eyepiece by adjusting the position of the movable mirror. The second detection path leads to a light-sensitive detector, preferably a linear scanned array, for generating signal information indicative of the location of the shadowline on the detector. An optical position sensor associated with the movable mirror includes a position detector providing signal information indicative of the position of the movable mirror. During a reading, the shadowline is brought into the field of view of the eyepiece, and the shadowline signal information and the mirror position signal information are processed to calculate index of refraction of the sample.

摘要翻译： 透射光折射计包括具有可移动镜的光学系统，用于将透过光折射样品的光重定向到在第一和第二检测路径之间划分光的分束器。 第一检测路径通向目镜，由此操作者可以通过调节可移动反射镜的位置来观看被带入目镜视场的照明边界阴影线。 第二检测路径通过光敏检测器，优选地是线性扫描阵列，用于产生指示检测器上阴影线位置的信号信息。 与可移动镜相关联的光学位置传感器包括位置检测器，其提供指示可移动镜的位置的信号信息。 在读取期间，阴影线被带入目镜的视野中，并且处理阴影线信号信息和镜像位置信号信息以计算样本的折射率。

公开(公告)号：US06717663B2

公开(公告)日：2004-04-06

申请号：US10094213

申请日：2002-03-08

申请人： Robert C. Atkinson ,  Thomas E. Ryan ,  Keshav Sharma ,  Michael J. Byrne

发明人： Robert C. Atkinson ,  Thomas E. Ryan ,  Keshav Sharma ,  Michael J. Byrne

IPC分类号： G01N2141

CPC分类号： G01N21/4133

摘要： An optical configuration for differential refractive index measurements of a test sample relative to a reference sample comprises an optical path along which an illumination beam travels to simultaneously illuminate a pair of optical interfaces on opposite sides of a meridional plane corresponding to the test sample and reference sample, respectively. Partial beams leaving the optical interfaces are optically diverged to illuminate different segments of a linear scanned array aligned in the meridional plane. The difference in location of a pair of shadowlines or a pair of resonance minimums formed by the partial beams on the array provides an indication of the refractive index difference.

摘要翻译： 测试样本相对于参考样本的差分折射率测量的光学配置包括光路，照射光束沿着该光路同时照射对应于测试样品和参考样品的子午平面的相对侧上的一对光学界面 ， 分别。 离开光学接口的部分光束被光学发散以照亮在子午平面中对准的线性扫描阵列的不同部分。 由阵列上的部分光束形成的一对阴影线或一对谐振最小值的位置差异提供了折射率差异的指示。

公开(公告)号：US06883010B2

公开(公告)日：2005-04-19

申请号：US10146104

申请日：2002-05-14

申请人： Michael J. Byrne

发明人： Michael J. Byrne

IPC分类号： G06F17/30

CPC分类号： G06F17/30233 ,  G06F11/2033 ,  G06F11/2038 ,  G06F11/2048 ,  G06F11/2097 ,  Y10S707/99954

摘要： One embodiment of the present invention provides a system for elevating a secondary file server to act as a new primary file server in a highly available file system. Upon determining that a primary file server in the highly available file system has failed, the system promotes the secondary file server to become the new primary file server. During this process, the new primary file server scans file objects to look for a file lock indication. Upon finding a file lock indication, the new primary file server converts an associated file identifier into a virtual node. Otherwise, conversion of file identifiers into virtual nodes is delayed until the first time a file is subsequently accessed by the new primary server, thereby speeding up the failover process.

摘要翻译： 本发明的一个实施例提供了一种用于升级辅助文件服务器以在高可用性文件系统中充当新的主文件服务器的系统。 在确定高可用性文件系统中的主文件服务器发生故障时，系统会促使辅助文件服务器成为新的主文件服务器。 在此过程中，新的主文件服务器扫描文件对象以查找文件锁定指示。 在找到文件锁指示后，新的主文件服务器将相关联的文件标识符转换为虚拟节点。 否则，文件标识符转换为虚拟节点将延迟到新的主服务器第一次访问文件，从而加快故障转移过程。

公开(公告)号：US06462809B1

公开(公告)日：2002-10-08

申请号：US09439876

申请日：1999-11-12

申请人： Thomas E. Ryan ,  Michael J. Byrne

发明人： Thomas E. Ryan ,  Michael J. Byrne

IPC分类号： G01N2141

CPC分类号： B82Y30/00 ,  G01N21/05 ,  G01N21/43 ,  G01N33/54373 ,  G01N33/544 ,  G01N33/551 ,  Y02A90/26

摘要： A sensor apparatus and associated method for sensing and monitoring specific binding of analyte to an immobilized binding layer are disclosed. The apparatus preferably comprises an automatic critical angle refractometer having a linear scanned array and an optical system for illuminating a portion of the array, which illumination depends upon the refractive index of the binding layer deposited on an optically transparent element. The apparatus further includes a flow cell for bringing the analyte in contact with the binding layer. The apparatus also includes a computer for receiving and processing refractive index data from the critical angle refractometer during the reaction between the analyte and the layer, which computer may be peripherally connected to the refractometer or enclosed within the refractometer housing. A preferred sensing method of the present invention generally comprises providing a critical angle refractometer generating light impinging upon the immobilized binding layer, contacting the binding layer with a contacting phase, measuring the critical angle of total reflection, which measurements are indicative of the presence or absence of interactions between the analyte and the binding layer.

摘要翻译： 公开了用于感测和监测分析物与固定化结合层的特异性结合的传感器装置和相关方法。 该装置优选地包括具有线性扫描阵列的自动临界角度折射计和用于照射阵列的一部分的光学系统，该照明取决于沉积在光学透明元件上的结合层的折射率。 该装置还包括用于使分析物与结合层接触的流动池。 该装置还包括计算机，用于在分析物和层之间的反应期间接收和处理来自临界角度折射计的折射率数据，该计算机可外围地连接到折射计或封闭在折射计壳体内。 本发明优选的感测方法通常包括提供临近角折射计，其产生撞击固定的结合层的光，使粘结层与接触相接触，测量全反射的临界角，该测量表示存在或不存在 分析物和结合层之间的相互作用。

公开(公告)号：US06051793A

公开(公告)日：2000-04-18

申请号：US83710

申请日：1998-05-22

申请人： Michael J. Byrne ,  Charles G. Clarkson

发明人： Michael J. Byrne ,  Charles G. Clarkson

IPC分类号： H02K3/14 ,  H02K3/24 ,  H02K3/34 ,  H01B7/02

CPC分类号： H02K3/14 ,  H02K3/24 ,  H02K3/345

摘要： The invention provides a multiple parallel conductor for windings of electrical motors, including transformers, having individual insulated partial conductors with at least five partial conductors or transposed conductors. The multiple parallel conductor features a material that is partially wrapped about the individual insulated partial conductors for allowing cooling fluid to pass through the individual insulated partial conductors. The material is partially wrapped about the individual insulated partial conductors in a helical configuration. In one embodiment, the material is an aramid material such as Nomex.TM..

摘要翻译： 本发明提供一种用于电动机绕组的多并联导体，包括变压器，其具有具有至少五个部分导体或转置导体的单独的绝缘部分导体。 多个平行导体具有部分地围绕各个绝缘部分导体包裹的材料，以允许冷却流体通过各个绝缘部分导体。 材料以螺旋形构造部分地围绕各个绝缘部分导体缠绕。 在一个实施方案中，该材料是芳族聚酰胺材料，例如Nomex TM。