摘要:
A platinum wire (2) is wound in the form of coil. An outer surface of the coiled wire (2) is overcoated with a glass member (4). The coiled wire (2) is welded to supporting member (3). An exothermic resistor (1; 1A, 1B) comprised the coiled wire (12), the glass member (4) and the supporting member (3), and has no bobbin therein. Such an exothermic resistor (1; 1A, 1B) free from a bobbin is used as a hot wire element (1A) and a cold wire element (1B) in a hot wire air flow meter. The quantity of heat generated on the coiled wire (2) hardly transmit through the supporting member (3) and is carried away almost through air. The transient response characteristics under sudden change of an amount of air flow can be improved.
摘要:
Exhaust gas from internal combustion engines is treated with catalyst comprising an inorganic oxide supporter which supports at least one of noble metals selected from Rh, Pt, and Pd, alkali rare earth metals, rare earth metals, and magnesium in order to remove NOx effectively with superior durability of the catalyst notwithstanding the internal combustion engine is under a stoichiometric operation condition or a lean burning operation condition.
摘要:
The present invention whose object is to provide a hot wire type of flow meter capable of accurately detecting a flow rate under various conditions required for satisfying a desire for low fuel consumption of an engine system and space saving in an engine room, the present invention being characterized in a hot wire type of air flow meter including a main flow passage forming an air intake flow passage of an internal combustion engine, a hot wire element measuring intake air, and a bypass having the hot wire element therein and disposed in the main flow passage, the hot wire type of air flow meter comprising: a flow passage forming the bypass, and formed in the axial direction of the main flow passage; and a flow passage forming the bypass and formed in the radial direction of the main flow passage, the flow passage having a structure designed in such a manner that the upper stream portion of an outlet portion thereof projects over the lower stream portion of the same.
摘要:
A method and apparatus of detecting knocking in an internal combustion engine having a crankshaft uses a knock detecting sensor to detect vibration caused by knocking. The signals from the knock detecting sensor are detected between a first and a second moment of time (i.e. a measurement window) and at least one of the first and second moments of time are independently varied in dependence upon a vibration spectrum of frequencies to be detected. In a preferred embodiment a plurality of frequency spectra, each having a different first and second moment of time, are each separately analyzed for determining knock intensity. The moments of time are represented by first and second angles of the crankshaft. A plurality of measurement windows are advantageously used to determine the level of knocking and if the level exceeds a predetermined level the ignition timing for the engine is retarded. The frequency of maximum amplitude is arranged in operation to be the center frequency of a frequency spectrum determined by the measurement window.
摘要:
A method of controlling the quantity of fuel to be injected into an intake manifold for an engine by a fuel injection unit comprising the steps of identifying parameters indicative of a change in the dynamic characteristic of the fuel supply system due to changes in the environmental conditions including the atmospheric pressure and engine temperature, estimating the quantity of fuel to be supplied to the engine cylinder on the basis of the identified parameters, and controlling the quantity of fuel to be injected so that the ratio between the measured quantity of air supplied to the engine cylinder and the estimated quantity of fuel supplied to the engine cylinder attains the desired air-fuel ratio.
摘要:
An electronic control apparatus for an internal combustion engine having engine sensors, actuators, and a signal processor, contains an improved interface unit for coupling signals to the actuators in response to an output from the processor based upon sensor signals. The interface unit includes a scheme for generating event timing signals in accordance with the prescribed timing signal pattern generated by a stage pulse generator. Depending upon the operational conditions of the engine, the processor supplies a control code through which the timing signals that are produced are altered. This control code is used to alter the rate of occurrence or frequency of generation of the timing signals so that specific actuator control functions may be varied depending upon the engine operation conditions.
摘要:
An electronic engine control apparatus in which the timing of the ignition and the fuel injection are calculated from a negative pressure in the intake manifold of the engine or the flow rate of suction air and the rotational speed of the engine. A reference register group is constituted of registers for storing the result of the calculation while an instantaneous register group is made up of registers for storing the instantaneous states of actuators. One of the registers of the reference register group and one of the registers of the instantaneous register group are selected according to a stage timing signal so that the contents of the two registers selected are compared with each other.
摘要:
The present invention has an object to enhance the reliability of the electrical connection of a silver-based conductor film on the surface of a glass ceramic board. In order to achieve the object, according to the present invention, by the use of a conductor paste containing a silver particle having a specific surface area of 0.3 m2/g to 3.0 m2/g and no glass, printing is carried out on a glass ceramic board and the conductor paste is fired at a firing temperature having a difference of ±50° C. from a softening temperature of amorphous borosilicate glass contained in the glass ceramic. Consequently, a silver-based conductor film having high reliability of the electrical connection is formed on the ceramic board.
摘要:
Exhaust gas from internal combustion engines is treated with catalyst comprising an inorganic oxide supporter which supports at least one of noble metals selected from Rh, Pt, and Pd, alkali rare earth metals, rare earth metals, and magnesium in order to remove NOx effectively with superior durability of the catalyst notwithstanding the internal combustion engine is under a stoichiometric operation condition or a lean burning operation condition.
摘要:
The invention provides a system for controlling a vehicle engine according to a plurality of stored torque patterns for various vehicle operating environments, based upon the accelerator pedal position and the vehicle speed. A vehicle environment, detection unit evaluates the vehicle environment and a target drive shaft torque pattern is selected from the plurality of target drive shaft torque patterns stored in a torque pattern storage. A target drive shaft torque calculating unit determines a target drive shaft torque from the selected target drive shaft torque pattern, the detected accelerator pedal operating amount and the detected vehicle speed. Finally, an engine output calculator determines an engine output at which a vehicle drive shaft generates the target drive shaft torque, and outputs the determined engine output to an engine output control unit.