摘要:
An equalizer and an equalization method capable of suppressing distortion specific to radio unit and reducing both the oversampling number and the amount of calculations without causing characteristic deterioration. The equalizer, which equalizes a received signal with periodically inserted known pilot symbols, includes a synchronization processing section that detects symbol synchronization points using pilot symbols included in the received signal, a plurality of equalization factor calculation sections which use the symbol synchronization points and points shifted in time before and after the symbol synchronization point as symbol synchronization point candidates, and calculate equalization factors for the respective symbol synchronization point candidates, and an optimization/equalization processing section which selects an optimal symbol synchronization point and corresponding optimal equalization factor from among a plurality of symbol synchronization point candidates and corresponding equalization factors, and equalizes the received signal using the optimal equalization factor.
摘要:
A scanning apparatus includes a mirror coupled to a base via a spring portion, and a light source for emitting a beam toward a reflecting surface of the mirror so that the beam is incident thereon. The mirror reflects the beam from the light source and rotationally swings under a resilient force of the spring portion when a force is applied thereto. The reflecting surface of the mirror includes a plurality of mirror surfaces at different angles. The beam from the light source is simultaneously reflected by the mirror surfaces at different angles.
摘要:
The ceramic heater of the present invention is used for regenerating a fine particle collecting filter which is exposed to exhaust gases at elevated temperatures. In this ceramic heater, which is capable of being cantilevered, two electrode portions are provided on a single straight or curved line and heat generating portion is positioned on one side of said line. The heat generating portion comprises a ring-like portion and two leg portions integrally connected to the ring-like portion at two connecting portions which approximately bisect the ring-like portion. The two electrode portions are provided at fore ends of the leg portions respectively, and the ring-like portion and the two electrode portions conjointly form a triangle.
摘要:
A plurality of grooves, each having a depth of 10 &mgr;m or more and arranged adjacent to each other, are formed at a predetermined portion of a semiconductor substrate where a passive element is formed. Then, a thermal oxidation treatment is performed to let an oxide film grow from an inside surface of each groove so as to fill an inside space of the groove with a thermal oxide film thus grown and turn an entire portion intervening between adjacent grooves into a thermal oxide layer. Each groove has a width of 1 &mgr;m or less, and a width of a semiconductor material intervening between two adjacent grooves is 81.8% or more with respect to the groove width.
摘要:
A piezoelectric thin film of the present invention includes an aluminum nitride thin film that contains scandium. A content ratio of scandium in the aluminum nitride thin film is 0.5 atom % to 50 atom % on the assumption that a total amount of the number of scandium atoms and the number of aluminum atoms is 100 atom %. According to this arrangement, the piezoelectric thin film of the present invention can improve a piezoelectric response while keeping characteristics of elastic wave propagation speed, Q value, and frequency-temperature coefficient that the aluminum nitride thin film has.
摘要:
A piezoelectric thin film of the present invention includes an aluminum nitride thin film that contains scandium. A content ratio of scandium in the aluminum nitride thin film is 0.5 atom % to 50 atom % on the assumption that a total amount of the number of scandium atoms and the number of aluminum atoms is 100 atom %. According to this arrangement, the piezoelectric thin film of the present invention can improve a piezoelectric response while keeping characteristics of elastic wave propagation speed, Q value, and frequency-temperature coefficient that the aluminum nitride thin film has.
摘要:
The communications characteristics are improved with a communications method for carrying out communications using a plurality of M signal points to be placed on an I-Q plane. When the M signal points are spaced on the I-Q plane around a point of origin to have a uniform space a in directions of an I-axis and a Q-axis, inside of a circle or inside of the circle covering over the circle having a radius of a space b between the point of origin and a point of the largest value in both directions of the I-axis and the Q-axis, the M signal points are placed in such a manner that a space between any two arbitrary signal points is equal to or larger than the uniform space a, and a space between at least a pair of signal points is larger than the uniform space a.