公开(公告)号：US07212091B2

公开(公告)日：2007-05-01

申请号：US11053732

申请日：2005-02-08

申请人： Panayotis Constantinou Andricacos ,  L. Paivikki Buchwalter ,  Hariklia Deligianni ,  Robert A. Groves ,  Christopher Jahnes ,  Jennifer L. Lund ,  Michael Meixner ,  David Earle Seeger ,  Timothy D. Sullivan ,  Ping-Chuan Wang

发明人： Panayotis Constantinou Andricacos ,  L. Paivikki Buchwalter ,  Hariklia Deligianni ,  Robert A. Groves ,  Christopher Jahnes ,  Jennifer L. Lund ,  Michael Meixner ,  David Earle Seeger ,  Timothy D. Sullivan ,  Ping-Chuan Wang

IPC分类号： H01H51/22

CPC分类号： H01H59/0009 ,  H01H2001/0078

摘要： A microelectromechanical switch including: at least one pair of actuator electrodes; at least one input electrode and at least one output electrode for input and output, respectively, of a radio frequency signal; and a beam movable by an attraction between the at least one pair of actuator electrodes, the movable beam having at least a portion electrically connected to the at least one input electrode and to the at least one output electrode when moved by the attraction between the at least one pair of actuator electrodes to make an electrical connection between the at least one input and output electrodes; wherein the at least one pair of actuator electrodes are electrically isolated from each of the at least one input and output electrodes. The microelectromechanical switch can be configured in single or multiple-poles and/or single or multiple throws.

摘要翻译： 一种微机电开关，包括：至少一对致动器电极; 分别输入和输出射频信号的至少一个输入电极和至少一个输出电极; 以及可由所述至少一对致动器电极之间的吸引部移动的光束，所述可移动光束具有至少一部分电连接到所述至少一个输入电极，并且当所述至少一个输入电极在所述至少一个输入电极之间被所述吸引力移动时， 至少一对致动器电极，用于在所述至少一个输入和输出电极之间形成电连接; 其中所述至少一对致动器电极与所述至少一个输入和输出电极中的每一个电隔离。 微机电开关可以配置为单极或多极和/或单掷或多掷。

公开(公告)号：US06876282B2

公开(公告)日：2005-04-05

申请号：US10150285

申请日：2002-05-17

申请人： Panayotis Constantinou Andricacos ,  L. Paivikki Buchwalter ,  Hariklia Deligianni ,  Robert A. Groves ,  Christopher Jahnes ,  Jennifer L. Lund ,  Michael Meixner ,  David Earle Seeger ,  Timothy D. Sullivan ,  Ping-Chuan Wang

发明人： Panayotis Constantinou Andricacos ,  L. Paivikki Buchwalter ,  Hariklia Deligianni ,  Robert A. Groves ,  Christopher Jahnes ,  Jennifer L. Lund ,  Michael Meixner ,  David Earle Seeger ,  Timothy D. Sullivan ,  Ping-Chuan Wang

IPC分类号： H01H59/00 ,  H01H51/22

CPC分类号： H01H59/0009 ,  H01H2001/0078

摘要： A microelectromechanical switch including: at least one pair of actuator electrodes; at least one input electrode and at least one output electrode for input and output, respectively, of a radio frequency signal; and a beam movable by an attraction between the at least one pair of actuator electrodes, the movable beam having at least a portion electrically connected to the at least one input electrode and to the at least one output electrode when moved by the attraction between the at least one pair of actuator electrodes to make an electrical connection between the at least one input and output electrodes; wherein the at least one pair of actuator electrodes are electrically isolated from each of the at least one input and output electrodes. The microelectromechanical switch can be configured in single or multiple-poles and/or single or multiple throws.

摘要翻译： 一种微机电开关，包括：至少一对致动器电极; 分别输入和输出射频信号的至少一个输入电极和至少一个输出电极; 以及可由所述至少一对致动器电极之间的吸引部移动的光束，所述可移动光束具有至少一部分电连接到所述至少一个输入电极，并且当所述至少一个输入电极在所述至少一个输入电极之间被所述吸引力移动时， 至少一对致动器电极，用于在所述至少一个输入和输出电极之间形成电连接; 其中所述至少一对致动器电极与所述至少一个输入和输出电极中的每一个电隔离。 微机电开关可以配置为单极或多极和/或单掷或多掷。

公开(公告)号：US06639488B2

公开(公告)日：2003-10-28

申请号：US09948478

申请日：2001-09-07

申请人： Hariklia Deligianni ,  Robert Groves ,  Christopher Jahnes ,  Jennifer L. Lund ,  Panayotis Andricacos ,  John Cotte ,  L. Paivikki Buchwalter ,  David Seeger ,  Raul E. Acosta

发明人： Hariklia Deligianni ,  Robert Groves ,  Christopher Jahnes ,  Jennifer L. Lund ,  Panayotis Andricacos ,  John Cotte ,  L. Paivikki Buchwalter ,  David Seeger ,  Raul E. Acosta

IPC分类号： H01P110

CPC分类号： H01P1/12 ,  H01H59/0009 ,  H01H2059/0036

摘要： Disclosed is a capacitive electrostatic MEMS RF switch comprised of a lower electrode that acts as both a transmission line and as an actuation electrode. Also, there is an array of one or more fixed beams above the lower electrode that is connected to ground. The lower electrode transmits the RF signal when the top beam or beams are up and when the upper beams are actuated and bent down, the transmission line is shunted to ground ending the RF transmission. A high dielectric constant material is used in the capacitive portion of the switch to achieve a high capacitance per unit area thus reducing the required chip area and enhancing the insertion loss characteristics in the non-actuated state. A gap between beam and lower electrode of less than 1 &mgr;m is incorporated in order to minimize the electrostatic potential (pull-in voltage) required to actuate the switch.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种电容静电MEMS RF开关，其由作为传输线和致动电极两者的下电极组成。 此外，在下电极上方有一个或多个连接到地面的固定梁的阵列。 当顶部梁或梁向上时，下部电极发射RF信号，并且当上部梁被致动并向下弯曲时，传输线被分流到结束RF传输的地面。 在开关的电容部分中使用高介电常数材料以实现每单位面积的高电容，从而在非致动状态下减少所需的芯片面积并增强插入损耗特性。 引入小于1um的光束和下电极之间的间隙以便使致动开关所需的静电电位（拉入电压）最小化。

公开(公告)号：US20050156695A1

公开(公告)日：2005-07-21

申请号：US11053732

申请日：2005-02-08

申请人： Panayotis Andricacos ,  L. Buchwalter ,  Hariklia Deligianni ,  Robert Groves ,  Christopher Jahnes ,  Jennifer Lund ,  Michael Meixner ,  David Seeger ,  Timothy Sullivan ,  Ping-Chuan Wang

发明人： Panayotis Andricacos ,  L. Buchwalter ,  Hariklia Deligianni ,  Robert Groves ,  Christopher Jahnes ,  Jennifer Lund ,  Michael Meixner ,  David Seeger ,  Timothy Sullivan ,  Ping-Chuan Wang

IPC分类号： H01H59/00 ,  H01H57/00 ,  H01L41/08 ,  H02N1/00

CPC分类号： H01H59/0009 ,  H01H2001/0078

摘要： A microelectromechanical switch including: at least one pair of actuator electrodes; at least one input electrode and at least one output electrode for input and output, respectively, of a radio frequency signal; and a beam movable by an attraction between the at least one pair of actuator electrodes, the movable beam having at least a portion electrically connected to the at least one input electrode and to the at least one output electrode when moved by the attraction between the at least one pair of actuator electrodes to make an electrical connection between the at least one input and output electrodes; wherein the at least one pair of actuator electrodes are electrically isolated from each of the at least one input and output electrodes. The microelectromechanical switch can be configured in single or multiple-poles and/or single or multiple throws.

公开(公告)号：US07581314B2

公开(公告)日：2009-09-01

申请号：US11358823

申请日：2006-02-21

申请人： Hariklia Deligianni ,  Panayotis Andricacos ,  L. Paivikki Buchwalter ,  John M. Cotte ,  Christopher Jahnes ,  Mahadevaiyer Krishnan ,  John H. Magerlein ,  Kenneth Stein ,  Richard P. Volant ,  James A. Tornello ,  Jennifer Lund

发明人： Hariklia Deligianni ,  Panayotis Andricacos ,  L. Paivikki Buchwalter ,  John M. Cotte ,  Christopher Jahnes ,  Mahadevaiyer Krishnan ,  John H. Magerlein ,  Kenneth Stein ,  Richard P. Volant ,  James A. Tornello ,  Jennifer Lund

IPC分类号： H01K3/10

CPC分类号： H01H59/0009 ,  H01H2001/0052 ,  Y10T29/49156 ,  Y10T29/49165 ,  Y10T29/49204

摘要： A semiconductor micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) switch provided with noble metal contacts that act as an oxygen barrier to copper electrodes is described. The MEMS switch is fully integrated into a CMOS semiconductor fabrication line. The integration techniques, materials and processes are fully compatible with copper chip metallization processes and are typically, a low cost and a low temperature process (below 400° C.). The MEMS switch includes: a movable beam within a cavity, the movable beam being anchored to a wall of the cavity at one or both ends of the beam; a first electrode embedded in the movable beam; and a second electrode embedded in an wall of the cavity and facing the first electrode, wherein the first and second electrodes are respectively capped by the noble metal contact.

摘要翻译： 描述了提供有作为铜电极的氧阻隔的贵金属触点的半导体微机电系统（MEMS）开关。 MEMS开关完全集成到CMOS半导体制造线中。 集成技术，材料和工艺完全兼容铜芯片金属化工艺，通常是低成本和低温工艺（低于400℃）。 MEMS开关包括：在空腔内的可移动光束，可移动光束在光束的一端或两端锚定到空腔的壁; 嵌入可移动光束中的第一电极; 以及第二电极，其嵌入在所述空腔的壁中并且面向所述第一电极，其中所述第一和第二电极分别被所述贵金属接触物覆盖。

公开(公告)号：US07202764B2

公开(公告)日：2007-04-10

申请号：US10604278

申请日：2003-07-08

申请人： Hariklia Deligianni ,  Panayotis Andricacos ,  L. Paivikki Buchwalter ,  John M. Cotte ,  Christopher Jahnes ,  Mahadevaiyer Krishnan ,  John H. Magerlein ,  Kenneth Stein ,  Richard P. Volant ,  James A. Tornello ,  Jennifer Lund

发明人： Hariklia Deligianni ,  Panayotis Andricacos ,  L. Paivikki Buchwalter ,  John M. Cotte ,  Christopher Jahnes ,  Mahadevaiyer Krishnan ,  John H. Magerlein ,  Kenneth Stein ,  Richard P. Volant ,  James A. Tornello ,  Jennifer Lund

IPC分类号： H01H51/22

CPC分类号： H01H59/0009 ,  H01H2001/0052 ,  Y10T29/49156 ,  Y10T29/49165 ,  Y10T29/49204

摘要： A semiconductor micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) switch provided with noble metal contacts that act as an oxygen barrier to copper electrodes is described. The MEMS switch is fully integrated into a CMOS semiconductor fabrication line. The integration techniques, materials and processes are fully compatible with copper chip metallization processes and are typically, a low cost and a low temperature process (below 400° C.). The MEMS switch includes: a movable beam within a cavity, the movable beam being anchored to a wall of the cavity at one or both ends of the beam; a first electrode embedded in the movable beam; and a second electrode embedded in an wall of the cavity and facing the first electrode, wherein the first and second electrodes are respectively capped by the noble metal contact.

摘要翻译： 描述了提供有作为铜电极的氧阻隔的贵金属触点的半导体微机电系统（MEMS）开关。 MEMS开关完全集成到CMOS半导体制造线中。 集成技术，材料和工艺完全兼容铜芯片金属化工艺，通常是低成本和低温工艺（低于400℃）。 MEMS开关包括：在空腔内的可移动光束，可移动光束在光束的一端或两端锚定到空腔的壁; 嵌入可移动光束中的第一电极; 以及第二电极，其嵌入在所述空腔的壁中并且面向所述第一电极，其中所述第一和第二电极分别被所述贵金属接触物覆盖。

公开(公告)号：US20060164194A1

公开(公告)日：2006-07-27

申请号：US11358823

申请日：2006-02-21

申请人： Hariklia Deligianni ,  Panayotis Andricacos ,  L. Paivikki Buchwalter ,  John Cotte ,  Christopher Jahnes ,  Mahadevaiyer Krishnan ,  John Magerlein ,  Kenneth Stein ,  Richard Volant ,  James Tornello ,  Jennifer Lund

发明人： Hariklia Deligianni ,  Panayotis Andricacos ,  L. Paivikki Buchwalter ,  John Cotte ,  Christopher Jahnes ,  Mahadevaiyer Krishnan ,  John Magerlein ,  Kenneth Stein ,  Richard Volant ,  James Tornello ,  Jennifer Lund

IPC分类号： H01H51/22

CPC分类号： H01H59/0009 ,  H01H2001/0052 ,  Y10T29/49156 ,  Y10T29/49165 ,  Y10T29/49204

摘要： A semiconductor micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) switch provided with noble metal contacts that act as an oxygen barrier to copper electrodes is described. The MEMS switch is fully integrated into a CMOS semiconductor fabrication line. The integration techniques, materials and processes are fully compatible with copper chip metallization processes and are typically, a low cost and a low temperature process (below 400° C.). The MEMS switch includes: a movable beam within a cavity, the movable beam being anchored to a wall of the cavity at one or both ends of the beam; a first electrode embedded in the movable beam; and a second electrode embedded in an wall of the cavity and facing the first electrode, wherein the first and second electrodes are respectively capped by the noble metal contact.

摘要翻译： 描述了提供有作为铜电极的氧阻隔的贵金属触点的半导体微机电系统（MEMS）开关。 MEMS开关完全集成到CMOS半导体制造线中。 集成技术，材料和工艺完全兼容铜芯片金属化工艺，通常是低成本和低温工艺（低于400℃）。 MEMS开关包括：在空腔内的可移动光束，可移动光束在光束的一端或两端锚定到空腔的壁; 嵌入可移动光束中的第一电极; 以及第二电极，其嵌入在所述空腔的壁中并且面向所述第一电极，其中所述第一和第二电极分别被所述贵金属接触物覆盖。

公开(公告)号：US07602265B2

公开(公告)日：2009-10-13

申请号：US11163485

申请日：2005-10-20

申请人： Hariklia Deligianni ,  Robert D. Edwards ,  Thomas J. Fleischman ,  Robert A. Groves ,  Charles J. Montrose ,  Richard P. Volant ,  Ping-Chuan Wang

发明人： Hariklia Deligianni ,  Robert D. Edwards ,  Thomas J. Fleischman ,  Robert A. Groves ,  Charles J. Montrose ,  Richard P. Volant ,  Ping-Chuan Wang

IPC分类号： H01H51/22

CPC分类号： H01H59/0009

摘要： The present invention provides multiple test structures for performing reliability and qualification tests on MEMS switch devices. A Test structure for contact and gap characteristic measurements is employed having a serpentine layout simulates rows of upper and lower actuation electrodes. A cascaded switch chain test is used to monitor process defects with large sample sizes. A ring oscillator is used to measure switch speed and switch lifetime. A resistor ladder test structure is configured having each resistor in series with a switch to be tested, and having each switch-resistor pair electrically connected in parallel. Serial/parallel test structures are proposed with MEMS switches working in tandem with switches of established technology. A shift register is used to monitor the open and close state of the MEMS switches. Pull-in voltage, drop-out voltage, activation leakage current, and switch lifetime measurements are performed using the shift register.

摘要翻译： 本发明提供用于在MEMS开关装置上执行可靠性和鉴定测试的多个测试结构。 采用具有蛇形布局的接触和间隙特性测量的测试结构来模拟上下驱动电极的行。 级联交换链测试用于监控大样本量的过程缺陷。 环形振荡器用于测量开关速度和开关寿命。 电阻梯形测试结构被配置为具有与要测试的开关串联的每个电阻器，并且每个开关电阻器对并联电连接。 提出了串联/并联测试结构，其中MEMS开关与成熟技术的开关串联工作。 移位寄存器用于监测MEMS开关的开启和关闭状态。 使用移位寄存器执行拉入电压，掉电电压，启动漏电流和开关寿命测量。

公开(公告)号：US06836029B2

公开(公告)日：2004-12-28

申请号：US09996148

申请日：2001-11-28

申请人： David R. Greenberg ,  Hariklia Deligianni ,  Robert A. Groves ,  Christopher V. Jahnes ,  Jennifer L. Lund ,  Katherine L. Saenger ,  Richard P. Volant

发明人： David R. Greenberg ,  Hariklia Deligianni ,  Robert A. Groves ,  Christopher V. Jahnes ,  Jennifer L. Lund ,  Katherine L. Saenger ,  Richard P. Volant

IPC分类号： H01H300

CPC分类号： B81B3/0016 ,  B81C2201/112 ,  H01H1/24 ,  H01H59/0009 ,  H01H2001/0089 ,  Y10T307/826 ,  Y10T307/911 ,  Y10T307/937

摘要： A micro-electro mechanical switch having a restoring force sufficiently large to overcome stiction is described. The switch is provided with a deflectable conductive beam and multiple electrodes coated with an elastically deformable conductive layer. A restoring force which is initially generated by a single spring constant k0 upon the application of a control voltage between the deflectable beam and a control electrode coplanar to the contact electrodes is supplemented by adding to k0 additional spring constants k1, . . . , kn provided by the deformable layers, once the switch nears closure and the layers compress. In another embodiment, deformable, spring-like elements are used in lieu of the deformable layers. In an additional embodiment, the compressible layers or deformable spring-like elements are affixed to the deflecting beam facing the switch electrodes

摘要翻译： 描述了具有足够大以克服静止的恢复力的微电机械开关。 开关设置有可偏转的导电束和涂覆有可弹性变形的导电层的多个电极。 在施加可调光束和与接触电极共面的控制电极之间的控制电压时，初始由单个弹簧常数k0产生的恢复力通过增加k0个额外的弹簧常数k1来补充。 。 。 由可变形层提供的，一旦开关接近闭合并且层压缩。 在另一个实施例中，使用可变形的弹簧状元件代替可变形层。 在另外的实施例中，可压缩层或可变形的弹簧状元件固定到面向开关电极的偏转梁

公开(公告)号：US06090710A

公开(公告)日：2000-07-18

申请号：US911808

申请日：1997-08-15

申请人： Panayotis Constantinou Andricacos ,  Hariklia Deligianni ,  James McKell Edwin Harper ,  Chao-Kun Hu ,  Dale Jonathan Pearson ,  Scott Kevin Reynolds ,  King-Ning Tu ,  Cyprian Emeka Uzoh

发明人： Panayotis Constantinou Andricacos ,  Hariklia Deligianni ,  James McKell Edwin Harper ,  Chao-Kun Hu ,  Dale Jonathan Pearson ,  Scott Kevin Reynolds ,  King-Ning Tu ,  Cyprian Emeka Uzoh

IPC分类号： C22C9/00 ,  C22C9/02 ,  H01L21/768 ,  H01L23/48 ,  H01L23/498 ,  H01L23/532 ,  H01L21/44

CPC分类号： H01L23/49866 ,  H01L21/76834 ,  H01L21/76883 ,  H01L21/76885 ,  H01L23/49822 ,  H01L23/53233 ,  H01L23/53238 ,  H01L23/5329 ,  H01L2924/0002 ,  Y10T428/12014 ,  Y10T428/12903 ,  Y10T428/265

摘要： A method of making Copper alloys containing between 0.01 and 10 weight percent of at least one alloying element selected from carbon, indium and tin is disclosed for improved electromigration resistance, low resistivity and good corrosion resistance that can be used in chip and package interconnections and conductors by first forming the copper alloy and then annealing it to cause the diffusion of the alloying element toward the grain boundaries between the grains in the alloy are disclosed.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种制备含有0.01至10重量％的至少一种选自碳，铟和锡的合金元素的铜合金的方法，用于改善可用于芯片和封装互连和导体的电迁移率，低电阻率和良好的耐腐蚀性 通过首先形成铜合金，然后退火以使合金元素向合金中的晶粒之间的晶界扩散。