公开(公告)号：US07792392B2

公开(公告)日：2010-09-07

申请号：US11957746

申请日：2007-12-17

申请人： Peng Chen ,  Michael P. Buric ,  Philip R. Swinehart ,  Mokhtar S. Maklad

发明人： Peng Chen ,  Michael P. Buric ,  Philip R. Swinehart ,  Mokhtar S. Maklad

IPC分类号： G02B6/00 ,  G02B6/34

CPC分类号： G01N21/7703 ,  G01F23/292 ,  G01N21/7746 ,  G01N2021/7709 ,  G01N2021/7723

摘要： A gas sensor includes an in-fiber resonant wavelength device provided in a fiber core at a first location. The fiber propagates a sensing light and a power light. A layer of a material is attached to the fiber at the first location. The material is able to absorb the gas at a temperature dependent gas absorption rate. The power light is used to heat the material and increases the gas absorption rate, thereby increasing sensor performance, especially at low temperatures. Further, a method is described of flash heating the gas sensor to absorb more of the gas, allowing the sensor to cool, thereby locking in the gas content of the sensor material, and taking the difference between the starting and ending resonant wavelengths as an indication of the concentration of the gas in the ambient atmosphere.

摘要翻译： 气体传感器包括在第一位置处设置在光纤芯中的光纤内谐振波长装置。 光纤传播感应灯和电源灯。 材料层在第一位置附着在纤维上。 该材料能够以依赖于温度的气体吸收速率吸收气体。 功率灯用于加热材料并增加气体吸收率，从而提高传感器性能，特别是在低温下。 此外，描述了一种快速加热气体传感器以吸收更多气体的方法，允许传感器冷却，从而锁定传感器材料的气体含量，并且将起始和结束谐振波长之间的差作为指示 气体在大气中的浓度。

公开(公告)号：US20090129721A1

公开(公告)日：2009-05-21

申请号：US11957746

申请日：2007-12-17

申请人： Peng Chen ,  Michael P. Buric ,  Philip R. Swinehart ,  Mokhtar S. Maklad

发明人： Peng Chen ,  Michael P. Buric ,  Philip R. Swinehart ,  Mokhtar S. Maklad

IPC分类号： G02B6/00

CPC分类号： G01N21/7703 ,  G01F23/292 ,  G01N21/7746 ,  G01N2021/7709 ,  G01N2021/7723

摘要： A gas sensor includes an in-fiber resonant wavelength device provided in a fiber core at a first location. The fiber propagates a sensing light and a power light. A layer of a material is attached to the fiber at the first location. The material is able to absorb the gas at a temperature dependent gas absorption rate. The power light is used to heat the material and increases the gas absorption rate, thereby increasing sensor performance, especially at low temperatures. Further, a method is described of flash heating the gas sensor to absorb more of the gas, allowing the sensor to cool, thereby locking in the gas content of the sensor material, and taking the difference between the starting and ending resonant wavelengths as an indication of the concentration of the gas in the ambient atmosphere.

摘要翻译： 气体传感器包括在第一位置处设置在光纤芯中的光纤内谐振波长装置。 光纤传播感应灯和电源灯。 材料层在第一位置附着在纤维上。 该材料能够以依赖于温度的气体吸收速率吸收气体。 功率灯用于加热材料并增加气体吸收率，从而提高传感器性能，特别是在低温下。 此外，描述了一种快速加热气体传感器以吸收更多气体的方法，允许传感器冷却，从而锁定传感器材料的气体含量，并且将起始和结束谐振波长之间的差作为指示 气体在大气中的浓度。

公开(公告)号：US20130139606A1

公开(公告)日：2013-06-06

申请号：US13309968

申请日：2011-12-02

申请人： Philip R. Swinehart ,  Mokhtar S. Maklad

发明人： Philip R. Swinehart ,  Mokhtar S. Maklad

IPC分类号： G01L1/24 ,  G02B6/02

CPC分类号： G02B6/4477 ,  G01L1/242 ,  G01L1/246 ,  G02B6/02209 ,  G02B6/3608

摘要： Optical fiber anchors accomplishing low creep confinement or fixing of a section of optical fiber in an assembly compact enough to be used conveniently as an anchor or as an enabling part of a strain or temperature sensor while retaining low optical losses and the original buffer coating to prevent the fiber from being exposed to abrasion and other influences that could lead to breakage. A rigid body is used that is mechanically stiff and hard enough to prevent said fiber from cutting into it or distorting said medium or substrate when subjected to stress, even over a long period of years. Trapping can be accomplished by molding the bent fiber into the substrate or body, adhesively bonding or soldering the optical fiber into a confining curved groove in a body or substrate.

摘要翻译： 光纤锚固件实现了在一个组件中的一部分光纤的低蠕变限制或固定，足以方便地用作锚或作为应变或温度传感器的启用部分，同时保持低光损耗和原始缓冲涂层以防止 纤维暴露于磨损等可能导致断裂的影响。 使用刚性体，其机械刚性和硬度足以防止所述纤维在受到应力时即使在长时间内也被切入或扭曲所述介质或基底。 捕获可以通过将弯曲的纤维模制到基底或体内，将光纤粘合或焊接到主体或基底中的限制弯曲的凹槽中来实现。

公开(公告)号：US08701500B2

公开(公告)日：2014-04-22

申请号：US13309968

申请日：2011-12-02

申请人： Philip R. Swinehart ,  Mokhtar S. Maklad

发明人： Philip R. Swinehart ,  Mokhtar S. Maklad

IPC分类号： G01L1/24

CPC分类号： G02B6/4477 ,  G01L1/242 ,  G01L1/246 ,  G02B6/02209 ,  G02B6/3608

摘要： Optical fiber anchors accomplishing low creep confinement or fixing of a section of optical fiber in an assembly compact enough to be used conveniently as an anchor or as an enabling part of a strain or temperature sensor while retaining low optical losses and the original buffer coating to prevent the fiber from being exposed to abrasion and other influences that could lead to breakage. A rigid body is used that is mechanically stiff and hard enough to prevent the fiber from cutting into it or distorting the medium or substrate when subjected to stress, even over a long period of years. Trapping can be accomplished by molding the bent fiber into the substrate or body, adhesively bonding or soldering the optical fiber into a confining curved groove in a body or substrate.

摘要翻译： 光纤锚固件实现了在一个组件中的一部分光纤的低蠕变限制或固定，足以方便地用作锚或作为应变或温度传感器的启用部分，同时保持低光损耗和原始缓冲涂层以防止 纤维暴露于磨损等可能导致断裂的影响。 使用刚性体，其机械刚性和硬度足以防止纤维在受到应力时甚至在长时间内被切入或扭曲介质或基底。 捕获可以通过将弯曲的纤维模制到基底或体内，将光纤粘合或焊接到主体或基底中的限制弯曲的凹槽中来实现。

公开(公告)号：US4306897A

公开(公告)日：1981-12-22

申请号：US140900

申请日：1980-04-16

申请人： Mokhtar S. Maklad

发明人： Mokhtar S. Maklad

IPC分类号： C03B37/012 ,  C03B37/027 ,  C03B37/15 ,  C03C25/10 ,  C03B32/00 ,  C03B37/025 ,  C03B37/075 ,  C03C25/02

CPC分类号： C03B37/15 ,  C03B37/01211 ,  C03B37/02718 ,  C03C25/107 ,  C03C25/108 ,  C03B2205/56

摘要： The fatigue resistant optical fiber is fabricated by producing an optical fiber having an electrically conducting surface, heating the produced optical fiber, and coating the heated optical fiber with a material impervious to water and water vapor.

摘要翻译： 耐疲劳光纤通过制造具有导电表面的光纤，加热所产生的光纤和用不透水和水蒸气的材料涂覆加热的光纤来制造。

公开(公告)号：US4201151A

公开(公告)日：1980-05-06

申请号：US896842

申请日：1978-04-17

申请人： Mokhtar S. Maklad ,  Pablo C. Pureza

发明人： Mokhtar S. Maklad ,  Pablo C. Pureza

IPC分类号： C03C25/10 ,  C03C25/14 ,  D06B3/04 ,  B05B5/00

CPC分类号： C03C25/143 ,  C03C25/106 ,  D06B3/045

摘要： An optical fiber or similar article is coated by directing the fiber through a spherical mixing vessel. Two silicone RTV components are directed by means of an annular feed mechanism into the mixing vessel at predetermined flow rates. The motion of the fiber directed through the vessel produces a churning or agitation of the silicone components to uniformly and homogeneously coat the fiber with the mixed components and provide a protective elastomeric coating about the fiber.

摘要翻译： 通过将纤维引导通过球形混合容器来涂覆光纤或类似物品。 两个硅胶RTV部件通过环形进给机构以预定的流速被引导到混合容器中。 引导通过容器的纤维的运动产生硅氧烷组分的搅拌或搅拌以均匀且均匀地涂覆纤维与混合组分，并提供围绕纤维的保护性弹性体涂层。

公开(公告)号：US4283213A

公开(公告)日：1981-08-11

申请号：US86856

申请日：1979-10-22

申请人： Francis I. Akers ,  Mokhtar S. Maklad

发明人： Francis I. Akers ,  Mokhtar S. Maklad

IPC分类号： C03B37/012 ,  C03B37/027 ,  C03C13/04 ,  C03C25/10 ,  C03C25/02

CPC分类号： C03C13/04 ,  C03B37/01211 ,  C03B37/027 ,  C03C25/107 ,  C03B2203/24

摘要： A method for fabricating a fiber with optical cores of diameters between 2 to 20 microns is depicted. A first step includes the fabrication of a step-index preform of predetermined dimensions. The preform is drawn into a conventional fiber by conventional techniques resulting in a fiber having an outer diameter of about 120 microns or larger. The fiber is then emplaced in a glass tube. The tube is collapsed on the fiber by heating the same resulting in a second preform. This preform is again drawn into a fiber by conventional techniques to obtain a final fiber having core dimensions indicative of single mode operation with compatible outer diameters.

摘要翻译： 描述了一种制造具有2至20微米直径的光纤芯的光纤的方法。 第一步包括制造具有预定尺寸的步进折射率预成型件。 通过常规技术将预成型件拉制成常规纤维，得到外径为约120微米或更大的纤维。 然后将纤维放置在玻璃管中。 管通过加热而在纤维上折叠，导致第二预制件。 通过常规技术将该预型件再次拉入纤维中，以获得具有指示具有相容外径的单模操作的芯尺寸的最终纤维。

公开(公告)号：US4182664A

公开(公告)日：1980-01-08

申请号：US802745

申请日：1977-06-02

申请人： Mokhtar S. Maklad ,  George H. Sigel, Jr. ,  Gary W. Bickel

发明人： Mokhtar S. Maklad ,  George H. Sigel, Jr. ,  Gary W. Bickel

IPC分类号： C03B37/14 ,  G02B6/02 ,  B01J1/10

CPC分类号： C03B37/14 ,  G02B6/02 ,  Y02P40/57

摘要： Optical fibers of silica and plastic composition are rendered relatively stable to nuclear radiation induced optical losses by preirradiating with a high initial radiation dosage. Subsequent exposure of the radiation hardended fibers produce substantially lower radiation induced optical loss and faster fiber transmission recovery rates.

摘要翻译： 二氧化硅和塑料组合物的光纤通过预辐射具有较高的初始辐射剂量使其对核辐射诱导的光学损耗相对稳定。 辐射硬化纤维的后续曝光产生显着降低的辐射诱导的光学损耗和更快的光纤传输恢复速率。

公开(公告)号：US4372767A

公开(公告)日：1983-02-08

申请号：US312539

申请日：1981-10-19

申请人： Mokhtar S. Maklad

发明人： Mokhtar S. Maklad

IPC分类号： C03B37/018 ,  C03B37/027 ,  C03C13/04 ,  C03B37/025 ,  C03B37/075

CPC分类号： C03C13/046 ,  C03B37/018 ,  C03B37/027 ,  C03B2203/24 ,  C03B2205/16

摘要： A process for making an optical fiber includes the steps of inserting a rod of the core glass composition into a closed tube made of the cladding glass. The diameter of the rod is substantially less than the inner diameter of the tube. The glass transition temperature of the core glass must be substantially lower than the glass transition temperature of the cladding and the rod is placed in contact with the tube along its entire length. When heat is applied to the lower portion of the rod and tube, the rod melts and forms a thin film on the inner surface of the tube which can rapidly be fined to a relatively pure glass. This melted glass forms a melt pool in the bottom of the tube, and the tube and pool can then be drawn into a fiber with the desired characteristics. A process for making a graded optical fiber utilizing a modified chemical vapor deposition process is also disclosed wherein a cladding glass is entrained on the inner surface of a tube substrate. A core rod is then inserted into the coated substrate tube. At the high drawing temperatures, ion exchange occurs between the core glass and the cladding glass to produce low loss graded optical fibers having an improved refractive index profile. Low loss, single mode optical fibers and single polarization guidance fibers can also be made by this method.

摘要翻译： 制造光纤的方法包括将芯玻璃组合物的棒插入由包层玻璃制成的封闭管中的步骤。 杆的直径基本上小于管的内径。 芯玻璃的玻璃化转变温度必须基本上低于包层的玻璃化转变温度，并且棒沿其整个长度与管接触。 当热量施加到杆和管的下部时，棒在管的内表面上熔化并形成薄膜，该薄膜可以快速地被罚款到相对纯的玻璃上。 这种熔融的玻璃在管的底部形成熔池，然后将管和池拉成具有所需特性的纤维。 还公开了利用改进的化学气相沉积工艺制造渐变光纤的方法，其中包层玻璃被夹带在管基板的内表面上。 然后将芯棒插入涂覆的基底管中。 在高拉伸温度下，核心玻璃和包层玻璃之间发生离子交换，以产生具有改进的折射率分布的低损耗梯度光纤。 也可以通过这种方法制造低损耗单模光纤和单极化引导光纤。

公开(公告)号：US4231774A

公开(公告)日：1980-11-04

申请号：US894792

申请日：1978-04-10

申请人： Mokhtar S. Maklad

发明人： Mokhtar S. Maklad

IPC分类号： C03B37/014 ,  C03B37/018 ,  G02B6/00 ,  C03B37/025 ,  C03B37/075

CPC分类号： C03B37/01486 ,  C03B37/0142 ,  C03B37/01426 ,  C03B37/018 ,  C03B2203/24 ,  C03B2203/26 ,  C03B2207/38 ,  C03B2207/52 ,  C03B2207/66

摘要： A large optical preform is fabricated by rotating a platform about its axis while advancing the platform away from a series of nozzles. Each nozzle is arranged to generate an annular ring associated with the preform by a vapor phase oxidation technique. The vapor content introduced by each nozzle is tailored to provide a large diameter optical preform possessing step index, single mode or graded index capabilities. The preform thus produced is then drawn into elongated optical fiber cables having the above described properties.

摘要翻译： 通过使平台绕其轴线旋转同时使平台远离一系列喷嘴而制造大型光学预制件。 每个喷嘴被布置成通过气相氧化技术产生与预型件相关联的环形圈。 由每个喷嘴引入的蒸汽含量被定制以提供具有阶跃指数，单模式或分级指数能力的大直径光学预制件。 然后将如此制备的预制件拉制成具有上述特性的细长光纤电缆。