Modifying starch with cationic polymers and use of the modified starches as dry-strength agent
    1.
    发明授权
    Modifying starch with cationic polymers and use of the modified starches as dry-strength agent 失效
    用阳离子聚合物改性淀粉,使用改性淀粉作为干强剂

    公开(公告)号:US06746542B1

    公开(公告)日:2004-06-08

    申请号:US09926230

    申请日:2001-09-27

    IPC分类号: C08B3012

    摘要: A process for modifying starch by heating starch in an aqueous medium to temperatures above the gelatinization temperature of said starch comprises effecting said modifying of said starch in the presence of (a) a polymeric cationizer selected from the group consisting of the polymers containing vinylamine units and having molar masses of up to 1 million, the polyethyleneimines, the polydiallyldimethylammonium chlorides, the condensates of dimethylamine with epichlorohydrin or dichloroalkanes, the condensates of dichloroethane and ammonia, and the mixtures thereof, and (b) polymeric papermaking drainage aids selected from the group consisting of the water-soluble crosslinked polyamidoamines with or without an ethyleneimine graft, the polymers containing acrylamide and/or methacrylamide units and having molar masses of more than 1 million, the polymers containing vinylamine units and having molar masses of more then 1 million, and the mixtures thereof.

    摘要翻译: 通过将水性介质中的淀粉加热至高于所述淀粉糊化温度的温度来改性淀粉的方法包括在(a)聚合阳离子化剂存在下进行所述淀粉的所述改性,所述聚合阳离子化剂选自含有乙烯胺单元的聚合物和 摩尔质量高达100万,聚二烯丙基二甲基氯化铵,二甲基胺与表氯醇或二氯烷烃的缩合物,二氯乙烷和氨的缩合物及其混合物,和(b)聚合物造纸引流助剂,选自 具有或不具有乙烯亚胺接枝的水溶性交联聚酰胺胺的聚合物,含有丙烯酰胺和/或甲基丙烯酰胺单元并且摩尔质量大于100万的聚合物,所述聚合物含有乙烯胺单元并且具有大于100万的摩尔质量, 其混合物。

    Graft polymers of polymers containing vinyl ester and/or vinyl alcohol
units and ethylenically unsaturated compounds, their preparation and
their use
    4.
    发明授权
    Graft polymers of polymers containing vinyl ester and/or vinyl alcohol units and ethylenically unsaturated compounds, their preparation and their use 失效
    含有乙烯基酯和/或乙烯醇单元和烯键式不饱和化合物的聚合物的接枝聚合物,其制备及其应用

    公开(公告)号:US6060566A

    公开(公告)日:2000-05-09

    申请号:US983141

    申请日:1998-01-21

    摘要: Graft polymers are obtainable by free radical polymerization of(A) monomers or monomer mixtures comprising(a) from 1 to 100% by weight of N-vinylcarboxamides of the formula ##STR1## where R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each H or C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkyl, (b) from 0 to 99% by weight of other monoethylenically unsaturated monomers copolymerizable with the monomers (a) and(c) from 0 to 5% by weight of monomers having at least two ethylenically unsaturated, nonconjugated double bonds in the molecule,in the presence of(B) polymers which contain units of vinyl esters of saturated C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -carboxylic acids and/or vinyl alcohol units, or of mixtures which contain these polymers and polymers having at least 3 alkylene oxide units or polytetrahydrofuran,in a weight ratio (A):(B) of from 95:5 to 10:90 and, if required, subsequent elimination of the group ##STR2## from the polymerized monomers (I) of the graft polymer with formation of units of the formula ##STR3## and the graft polymers described above are used in the production of paper, board and cardboard as dry and wet strength agents, as retention and drainage aids and as promoters in diketene sizing and as starch cationization agents, as dispersants for pigments and as creping assistants in the production of tissue papers.

    摘要翻译: PCT No.PCT / EP96 / 02991 Sec。 371日期1998年1月21日 102(e)1998年1月21日PCT PCT 1996年7月9日PCT公布。 第WO97 / 04014号公报 日期1997年2月6日通过(A)单体或单体混合物的自由基聚合获得接枝聚合物,所述单体或单体混合物包含(a)1至100重量%的下式的N-乙烯基甲酰胺其中R 1和R 2各自为H或C 1 -C 6 - 烷基,(b)0至99重量%的可与单体(a)和(c)共聚的其它单烯属不饱和单体,0至5重量%的具有至少两个烯属不饱和的非共轭双键的单体 分子,在(B)包含饱和C 1 -C 4羧酸和/或乙烯醇单元的乙烯基酯单元的聚合物存在下,或包含这些聚合物和具有至少3个烯化氧单元或聚四氢呋喃的聚合物的混合物的存在下, 在95:5至10:90的重量比(A):(B))中,如果需要,随后从形成下式的单元的接枝聚合物的聚合单体(I)中除去该基团, 上述接枝聚合物用于制备 纸,纸板和纸板作为干和湿强度剂,作为保留和引流助剂以及作为二烯酮上浆和淀粉阳离子化剂的促进剂,作为颜料的分散剂和用于生产薄纸的起皱助剂。

    Bridged, water-soluble copolymers, their preparation and their use
    7.
    发明授权
    Bridged, water-soluble copolymers, their preparation and their use 失效
    桥接,水溶性共聚物,其制备及其用途

    公开(公告)号:US4981913A

    公开(公告)日:1991-01-01

    申请号:US409747

    申请日:1989-09-20

    摘要: Bridged, water-soluble copolymers are obtainable by(A) copolymerization of a monomer mixture of(a) from 50 to 99 mol % of acrylamide and/or methacrylamide,(b) from 50 to 1 mol % of a monoethylenically unsaturated monomer containing actual groups and(c) from 0 to 20 mol % of monomers which differ from (a) and (b), in the presence of a polymerization initiator under conditions such that the acetal groups of the monomers (b) undergo virtually no hydrolysis,(B) hydrolysis of the acetal groups of the monomers (b), present as copolymerized units in the copolymers (A),(C) condensation of the copolymers (B) containing aldehyde groups at a pH above 5, at most to a degree such that the resulting condensates are still water-soluble and(D) stopping of the condensation reaction by adding acid until the pH reaches 3 or less,and are used as paper stock additives in papermaking for increasing the wet strength of paper.

    摘要翻译: 桥接的水溶性共聚物可通过(A)(a)50至99mol%的丙烯酰胺和/或甲基丙烯酰胺的单体混合物共聚获得,(b)50至1mol%的单烯属不饱和单体含有实际 基团和(c)0〜20摩尔%的不同于(a)和(b)的单体,在聚合引发剂存在下,使单体(b)的缩醛基基本上不经水解的条件下, B)在共聚物(A),(C)中作为共聚单元存在的单体(b)的缩醛基团的水解在pH5以上含有醛基的共聚物(B)的缩合最多至一定程度 所得缩合物仍然是水溶性的,(D)通过加入酸直到pH达到3以下停止缩合反应,并且在造纸中用作增加纸的湿强度的纸浆添加剂。

    Catonic urea/formaldehyde resins, their preparation and their use in the
paper industry
    8.
    发明授权
    Catonic urea/formaldehyde resins, their preparation and their use in the paper industry 失效
    阳离子脲/甲醛树脂,其制备及其在造纸工业中的应用。

    公开(公告)号:US5554718A

    公开(公告)日:1996-09-10

    申请号:US775928

    申请日:1991-11-06

    摘要: Cationic urea/formaldehyde resins are obtainable by condensing urea and formaldehyde in a molar ratio of from 1:1.5 to 1:3 in the presence of polymers which contain not less than 1 mol % of polymerized vinylamine units and have Fikentscher K values of from 5 to 300, in an amount of from 5 to 50 g per mole of urea in the end product, where the mixture is first a) precondensed at a pH of from 8 to 14, then acidified and b) condensed at a pH of from 1 to 5 until gel formation begins, c) then from 0.3 to 1.5 moles of formaldehyde are added per mole of urea used, d) post-condensation is carried out and e) the resin solution is subsequently neutralized. The resins thus obtained are used in papermaking as assistants for increasing the dry and wet strength of paper and result in less dulling of the whiteness of the paper.

    摘要翻译: PCT No.PCT / EP90 / 01399 Sec。 371日期1991年11月6日 102(e)1991年11月6日,PCT提交1990年8月22日PCT公布。 出版物WO91 / 02762 日期1991年3月7日阳离子脲/甲醛树脂可通过在含有不少于1摩尔%的聚合乙烯胺单元的聚合物存在下将脲和甲醛以1:1.5至1:3的摩尔比缩合而得到,并具有Fikentscher K值为5至300,最终产物中每摩尔尿素为5至50g,其中混合物首先a)在8至14的pH下预缩合,然后酸化并b)在 pH为1至5,直到凝胶形成开始,c)然后每摩尔使用的尿素加入0.3至1.5摩尔的甲醛,d)进行后冷凝,e)随后中和树脂溶液。 由此获得的树脂用于造纸中作为助剂以增加纸张的干湿强度,并且导致纸的白度较少的钝化。

    Preparation of aerogels
    9.
    发明授权
    Preparation of aerogels 失效
    气凝胶的制备

    公开(公告)号:US4667417A

    公开(公告)日:1987-05-26

    申请号:US762284

    申请日:1985-08-05

    摘要: A process for the drying of inorganic hydrogels obtained from readily hydrolyzable compounds of the elements Al, Si, Ti, B, La, Zr, Cr, Sn, Th or Mg, and organic hydrogels based on gelatine, albumin or agar agar, from CO.sub.2, to give aerogels is easy to carry out industrially, and drying can be effected at from room temperature to 90.degree. C.The resulting aerogels are transparent and have a low bulk density and low thermal conductivity.The aerogels can be used as packing materials for liquid chromatography, as catalyst carriers, as substrates for enzymes and as adsorbents.

    摘要翻译: 从Al,Si,Ti,B,La,Zr,Cr,Sn,Th或Mg元素的易水解化合物获得的无机水凝胶的干燥方法以及来自CO 2的明胶,白蛋白或琼脂的有机水凝胶 ,使得气凝胶在工业上容易进行,并且可以在室温至90℃下进行干燥。所得气凝胶是透明的并且具有低堆积密度和低热导率。 气凝胶可用作液相色谱的包装材料,作为催化剂载体,作为酶的底物和吸附剂。