摘要:
An improved process for purification of glycerol obtained from natural sources comprising alkalizing a glycerol-containing crude mixture in the presence of air for oxidation, evaporating the mixture in a thin-layer evaporator with redistillation of the residue, rectification and reevaporation in a packed column characterized by low-pressure-loss plates with a falling-film evaporator designed for internal and external partial condensation and to separate off unwanted constituents of the mixture, bleaching the product with activated carbon and separating the bleach in known manner.
摘要:
Reactive dyestuffs of the formula ##STR1## in which A=H, halogen, alkyl, alkoxy, acylamino or amino,B=H, alkyl or alkoxy,X=--CH.dbd.CH.sub.2 or --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --Y, whereY=a radical which can be removed under alkaline conditions andZ=a fibre-reactive radical.
摘要:
The instant invention is directed to a process for stripping of a residual component from a liquid having a viscosity of from 300 to 10,000 poises in which the liquid flows in the form of a ring flow supported by a gas stream flowing in the core, through a tube into a separator vessel, the tube having a continuous coil shape and a conduit diameter to helix diameter of from 0.1:1 to 0.04:1, the improvement comprising adding to the gas stream from 10 to 90%, by weight, of externally generated steam and/or an inert gas at an adjusted pressure of from 50 m bars to 1 bar in the separator vessel for a gas and/or steam velocity in the tube of from 100 m/sec to the speed of sound. The added gas and/or steam generates thorough transverse mixing in the liquid ring flow.
摘要:
The invention relates to a hydrodynamic modular unit having two rotating impellers—a primary impeller (3) and a secondary impeller (4)—which jointly form at least one toroidal working chamber (5), having at least one inlet (6) into the toroidal working chamber (5) for operating medium and an outlet (7) out from the toroidal working chamber, the inlet (6) and the outlet (5′) being connected to each other via a circuit (8), and having an operating-medium source (10) that can be coupled to the inlet at least indirectly. The inventive hydrodynamic modular unit is characterized by the following features: means (9) for coupling the operating-medium source to the inlet and the outlet simultaneously or in a slightly time-delayed manner.
摘要:
The invention relates to a lockup clutch (1) for hydrodynamic components (2), comprising at least one primary wheel (4) and one secondary wheel (5), which define a working chamber (6), and having two inputs (26, 27)—a first input (26) linked to the secondary wheel (5) and a second input (27) linked to the primary wheel (4). Said inputs (26, 27) can be optionally linked to an output (28) of the lockup clutch (1) via a switchable clutch, thereby producing a first or a second power branch (32, 33). The coupling between the input (27) of the lockup clutch (1) that is coupled to the primary wheel (4) and the output (28) of the lockup clutch (1) in order to create the second power branch (33) is free of any rotationally fixed mechanical connection between the primary wheel (4) and the secondary wheel (5). The coupling between the inputs (26, 27) of the lockup clutch (1) and the output (28) of the lockup clutch (1) in the individual power branches (31, 33) is provided with rpm/torque converting devices.
摘要:
A process for the preparation of compounds of the formula (I) ##STR1## wherein n represents 0-2;M represents H, alkali metal ion or optionally substituted ammonium ion; andX represents anilino, N- or N,N-alkylamino;by reaction of a compound of the formula (IV) ##STR2## with 2 molar equivalents of an amnine of the formula X--H, at a pH of 5-10, optionally in the presence of an acid-trapping agent which differs from X--H, wherein the compound of the formula (IV) is added to an aqueous reaction medium with a temperature of at least 40.degree. C. and the amine of the formula X--H and, optionally, the acid-trapping agent are added to the aqueous reaction medium independently of one another and/or during and/or after the addition of IV. The compounds of the formula I which are outstandingly suitable as optical brighteners.
摘要:
Dyestuffs of the formula ##STR1## in which the substituents have the meanings given in the description are suitable for the dyeing and printing of hydroxyl- and amido-containing materials.
摘要:
The gully closure for preventing the pollution of bodies of water in accident situations consists of a flexible mat (1) which covers the gulley surface and is coated with a highly viscous, free-flowing moulding composition (2). A plastically deformable silicone gel has proved particularly successful as a free-flowing moulding composition (2).
摘要:
The invention relates to an elastic coupling in disc construction, in particular for damping torsional vibrations of an internal combustion engine, having the following features: a first coupling half, which comprises two side discs, which are connected in a rotationally-fixed manner on the outer circumference; a second coupling half, which is formed by at least one middle disc assigned to a hub, which is arranged between the side discs and enveloped thereby; the two coupling halves are pivotable to a limited extent to one another against the force of at least one elastic coupling element; the side discs delimit a liquid-tight inner space, which receives the middle disc, at least one damping chamber, which is variable in volume during the mutual pivoting of the coupling halves and is filled with a damping medium, is arranged in the radial outer area of the inner space; a floating damping ring, which is pivotable to a limited extent in relation to each of the two coupling halves, is introduced into the inner space, the damping ring forming at least one first partial chamber of the damping chamber with the first coupling half and forming at least one second partial chamber of the damping chamber with the second coupling half; the floating damping ring being divided over the circumference of the coupling into individual ring segments, which are separate from one another, and which are mounted to slide on the radial exterior on the middle disc and/or on the radial interior on an outer edge of at least one side disc. The elastic coupling according to the invention is characterized in the state which is not loaded in the peripheral direction by the damping medium or one of the two coupling halves, the ring segments, at one or both axial ends, have a predefined spacing in the radial direction of the coupling in relation to the middle disc and/or in relation to the outer edge of at least one side disc, and the ring segments are mounted in a bending or tilting manner on the middle disc and/or at least one side disc in such a manner that the predefined spacing at the axial end of the ring segments in relation to the middle disc and/or the outer edge of at least one side disc is bridged by bending or tilting in the state of the ring segments which is loaded in the peripheral direction by the damping medium or one of the two coupling halves.
摘要:
Impeller and turbine wheels form a toroidal working chamber of a hydrodynamic clutch filled with working medium. A throttle plate extends circumferentially near a central diameter of the working chamber The throttle plate moves axially, from an inactive position with little or no throttling effect on a circular flow of the working medium, to an active position with a greater throttling effect on the circular flow. The working chamber is without a center wall, such that the throttle plate is directly enclosed by the flow zone of the working chamber in both the active and inactive position of the throttle plate. The inactive position is located in the area of a separation gap between the impeller and the turbine wheel.