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1.发明授权Electrolytic method to make alkali alcoholates using ceramic ion conducting solid membranes 有权使用陶瓷离子传导固体膜制备碱性醇盐的电解方法公开(公告)号：US07824536B2
公开(公告)日：2010-11-02
申请号：US11449953
申请日：2006-06-09
IPC分类号： C25B3/00
CPC分类号： B01D61/44 , B01D69/02 , B01D69/04 , B01D71/02 , B01D2323/12 , B01D2325/26 , C04B35/16 , C04B35/447 , C04B35/481 , C04B2235/3201 , C04B2235/3224 , C04B2235/3225 , C04B2235/3244 , C04B2235/3286 , C04B2235/3418 , C04B2235/447 , C04B2235/79 , C25B3/12 , C25B9/08 , C25B13/04
摘要： Disclosed are processes of making solutions of alkali alkoxides in their corresponding alcohols using an electrolytic process. In one embodiment, sodium methoxide in methanol is made from methanol and aqueous sodium hydroxide solution, where the aqueous sodium hydroxide solution is present in the anolyte compartment and a solution of sodium methoxide in methanol is present in the catholyte compartment, the two compartments are separated by a ceramic membrane that selectively transports sodium ions under the influence of an electric potential, and wherein the composition of the solution of sodium methoxide in methanol in the catholyte compartment of the electrolytic cell comprises between at least about 2% by weight sodium methoxide and at most about 20% by weight sodium methoxide.
摘要翻译： 公开了使用电解方法在其相应的醇中制备碱金属醇溶液的方法。 在一个实施方案中，甲醇中的甲醇钠由甲醇和氢氧化钠水溶液制成，其中氢氧化钠水溶液存在于阳极电解液室中，甲醇钠在甲醇中的溶液存在于阴极电解液室中，两个隔室被分离 通过选择性地在电势的影响下输送钠离子的陶瓷膜，并且其中电解池的阴极电解液室中的甲醇钠在甲醇中的溶液的组成包含至少约2重量％的甲醇钠和在 最多约20重量％的甲醇钠。
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2.发明申请Electrolytic method to make alkali alcoholates using ceramic ion conducting solid membranes 有权使用陶瓷离子传导固体膜制备碱性醇盐的电解方法公开(公告)号：US20060226022A1
公开(公告)日：2006-10-12
申请号：US11449953
申请日：2006-06-09
IPC分类号： C25B3/12
CPC分类号： B01D61/44 , B01D69/02 , B01D69/04 , B01D71/02 , B01D2323/12 , B01D2325/26 , C04B35/16 , C04B35/447 , C04B35/481 , C04B2235/3201 , C04B2235/3224 , C04B2235/3225 , C04B2235/3244 , C04B2235/3286 , C04B2235/3418 , C04B2235/447 , C04B2235/79 , C25B3/12 , C25B9/08 , C25B13/04
摘要： Disclosed are processes of making solutions of alkali alkoxides in their corresponding alcohols using an electrolytic process. In one embodiment, sodium methoxide in methanol is made from methanol and aqueous sodium hydroxide solution, where the aqueous sodium hydroxide solution is present in the anolyte compartment and a solution of sodium methoxide in methanol is present in the catholyte compartment, the two compartments are separated by a ceramic membrane that selectively transports sodium ions under the influence of an electric potential, and wherein the composition of the solution of sodium methoxide in methanol in the catholyte compartment of the electrolytic cell comprises between at least about 2% by weight sodium methoxide and at most about 20% by weight sodium methoxide.
摘要翻译： 公开了使用电解方法在其相应的醇中制备碱金属醇溶液的方法。 在一个实施方案中，甲醇中的甲醇钠由甲醇和氢氧化钠水溶液制成，其中氢氧化钠水溶液存在于阳极电解液室中，甲醇钠在甲醇中的溶液存在于阴极电解液室中，两个隔室被分离 通过选择性地在电势的影响下输送钠离子的陶瓷膜，并且其中电解池的阴极电解液室中的甲醇钠在甲醇中的溶液的组成包含至少约2重量％的甲醇钠和在 最多约20重量％的甲醇钠。
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3.发明授权Electrolytic process to produce sodium hypochlorite using sodium ion conductive ceramic membranes 有权使用钠离子导电陶瓷膜产生次氯酸钠的电解过程公开(公告)号：US08268159B2
公开(公告)日：2012-09-18
申请号：US11613857
申请日：2006-12-20
CPC分类号： C25B1/26 , C02F1/4674 , C02F2001/46138 , C02F2201/46115 , C02F2201/46155 , C02F2209/02 , C02F2209/06 , C25B13/04
摘要： An electrochemical process for the production of sodium hypochlorite is disclosed. The process may potentially be used to produce sodium hypochlorite from seawater or low purity un-softened or NaCl-based salt solutions. The process utilizes a sodium ion conductive ceramic membrane, such as membranes based on NASICON-type materials, in an electrolytic cell. In the process, water is reduced at a cathode to form hydroxyl ions and hydrogen gas. Chloride ions from a sodium chloride solution are oxidized in the anolyte compartment to produce chlorine gas which reacts with water to produce hypochlorous and hydrochloric acid. Sodium ions are transported from the anolyte compartment to the catholyte compartment across the sodium ion conductive ceramic membrane. Sodium hydroxide is transported from the catholyte compartment to the anolyte compartment to produce sodium hypochlorite within the anolyte compartment.
摘要翻译： 公开了用于生产次氯酸钠的电化学方法。 该方法可能潜在地用于从海水或低纯度未软化或NaCl基盐溶液中产生次氯酸钠。 该方法在电解池中使用钠离子传导性陶瓷膜，例如基于NASICON型材料的膜。 在此过程中，阴极处的水被还原形成羟基离子和氢气。 来自氯化钠溶液的氯离子在阳极电解液室中被氧化以产生与水反应产生次氯酸和盐酸的氯气。 钠离子通过钠离子导电陶瓷膜从阳极电解液室输送到阴极电解液室。 将氢氧化钠从阴极电解液室输送到阳极电解液室，以在阳极电解液室内产生次氯酸钠。
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4.发明申请Methods for Producing Sodium Hypochlorite with a Three-Compartment Apparatus Containing a Basic Anolyte 审中-公开用含有碱性阳极电解液的三室装置生产次氯酸钠的方法公开(公告)号：US20100044241A1
公开(公告)日：2010-02-25
申请号：US12547334
申请日：2009-08-25
摘要： An electrochemical method for the production of a chlorine-based oxidant product, such as sodium hypochlorite, is disclosed. The method may potentially be used to produce sodium hypochlorite from sea water or low purity un-softened or NaCl-based salt solutions. The method utilizes alkali cation-conductive ceramic membranes, such as membranes based on NaSICON-type materials, and organic polymer membranes in electrochemical cells to produce sodium hypochlorite. Generally, the electrochemical cell includes three compartments and the first compartment contains an anolyte having a basic pH.
摘要翻译： 公开了用于生产氯基氧化剂产物如次氯酸钠的电化学方法。 该方法可能潜在地用于从海水或低纯度未软化或NaCl基盐溶液中产生次氯酸钠。 该方法利用碱性阳离子导电陶瓷膜，例如基于NaSICON型材料的膜和电化学电池中的有机聚合物膜来产生次氯酸钠。 通常，电化学电池包括三个隔室，第一隔室包含具有碱性pH的阳极电解液。
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5.发明申请Environmental and Thermal Barrier Coating to Provide Protection in Various Environments 审中-公开环境和热障涂层在各种环境中提供保护公开(公告)号：US20080026248A1
公开(公告)日：2008-01-31
申请号：US11627233
申请日：2007-01-25
申请人： Shekar Balagopal , Justin Pendleton , Akash Akash , Kevin Kennedy
发明人： Shekar Balagopal , Justin Pendleton , Akash Akash , Kevin Kennedy
CPC分类号： C04B41/52 , C04B41/009 , C04B41/89 , C23C28/042 , C23C28/048 , F01D5/288 , F05D2220/722 , F05D2230/22 , F05D2300/50212 , F05D2300/611 , Y02E20/18 , Y02T50/67 , Y02T50/6765 , Y10T428/31678 , C04B41/5027 , C04B41/5029 , C04B35/01
摘要： An article and method to provide protection in various environments. The article may include a metal substrate having a first coefficient of thermal expansion, a magnesium oxide-based layer having a second coefficient of thermal expansion, and a bond layer disposed between the metal substrate and the magnesium oxide-based layer. The bond layer may include a third coefficient of thermal expansion substantially intermediate the first and second coefficients of thermal expansion to facilitate thermal compatibility between the metal substrate and the magnesium oxide-based layer. Further, the magnesium oxide-based layer may be substantially non-porous, thereby providing a hermetic seal limiting gases, particulates, steam and fluid access to the metal substrate.
摘要翻译： 在各种环境中提供保护的文章和方法。 该制品可以包括具有第一热膨胀系数的金属基板，具有第二热膨胀系数的氧化镁基层，以及设置在金属基板和氧化镁基层之间的接合层。 接合层可以包括基本上介于第一和第二热膨胀系数之间的第三热膨胀系数，以促进金属基底和氧化镁基层之间的热相容性。 此外，氧化镁基层可以是基本上无孔的，从而提供限制气体，微粒，蒸汽和流体进入金属基底的气密密封。
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6.发明申请Electrolytic process to produce sodium hypochlorite using sodium ion conductive ceramic membranes 有权使用钠离子导电陶瓷膜产生次氯酸钠的电解过程公开(公告)号：US20070138020A1
公开(公告)日：2007-06-21
申请号：US11613857
申请日：2006-12-20
申请人： Shekar Balagopal , Vinod Malhotra , Justin Pendleton , Kathy Reid
发明人： Shekar Balagopal , Vinod Malhotra , Justin Pendleton , Kathy Reid
IPC分类号： C25B1/26
CPC分类号： C25B1/26 , C02F1/4674 , C02F2001/46138 , C02F2201/46115 , C02F2201/46155 , C02F2209/02 , C02F2209/06 , C25B13/04
摘要： An electrochemical process for the production of sodium hypochlorite is disclosed. The process may potentially be used to produce sodium hypochlorite from seawater or low purity un-softened or NaCl-based salt solutions. The process utilizes a sodium ion conductive ceramic membrane, such as membranes based on NASICON-type materials, in an electrolytic cell. In the process, water is reduced at a cathode to form hydroxyl ions and hydrogen gas. Chloride ions from a sodium chloride solution are oxidized in the anolyte compartment to produce chlorine gas which reacts with water to produce hypochlorous and hydrochloric acid. Sodium ions are transported from the anolyte compartment to the catholyte compartment across the sodium ion conductive ceramic membrane. Sodium hydroxide is transported from the catholyte compartment to the anolyte compartment to produce sodium hypochlorite within the anolyte compartment.
摘要翻译： 公开了用于生产次氯酸钠的电化学方法。 该方法可能潜在地用于从海水或低纯度未软化或NaCl基盐溶液中产生次氯酸钠。 该方法在电解池中使用钠离子传导性陶瓷膜，例如基于NASICON型材料的膜。 在此过程中，阴极处的水被还原形成羟基离子和氢气。 来自氯化钠溶液的氯离子在阳极电解液室中被氧化以产生与水反应产生次氯酸和盐酸的氯气。 钠离子通过钠离子导电陶瓷膜从阳极电解液室输送到阴极电解液室。 将氢氧化钠从阴极电解液室输送到阳极电解液室，以在阳极电解液室内产生次氯酸钠。
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7.发明申请CONTROL OF PH KINETICS IN AN ELECTROLYTIC CELL HAVING AN ACID-INTOLERANT ALKALI-CONDUCTIVE MEMBRANE 审中-公开在具有酸中性碱性介质膜的电解质细胞中PH动力学的控制公开(公告)号：US20120175267A1
公开(公告)日：2012-07-12
申请号：US13347530
申请日：2012-01-10
申请人： Sai Bhavaraju , Justin Pendleton
发明人： Sai Bhavaraju , Justin Pendleton
摘要： Systems and methods for recovering chlorine gas or an alkali metal from an electrolytic cell having an acid-intolerant, alkali-ion-selective membrane are disclosed. In some cases, the cell has an anolyte compartment and a catholyte compartment with an acid-intolerant, alkali-ion selective membrane separating the two. While a cathode is disposed within a catholyte solution in the catholyte compartment, a chlorine-gas-evolving anode is typically disposed within an aqueous alkali-chloride solution in the anolyte compartment. As current passes between the anode and cathode, chlorine ions in the anolyte solution can be oxidized to form chlorine gas. In some cases, the cell is configured so the chlorine gas is rapidly removed from the cell to inhibit a chemical reaction between the chlorine gas and the anolyte solution. In some cases, a vacuum or a heating system is used to increase the rate at which chlorine gas exits the cell. Other implementations are also described.
摘要翻译： 公开了从具有耐酸碱性离子选择性膜的电解槽回收氯气或碱金属的系统和方法。 在一些情况下，电池具有阳极电解液室和阴极电解室，其具有酸性不耐受的碱离子选择性膜分离两者。 当阴极设置在阴极电解液室中的阴极电解液中时，通常将氯气放出的阳极设置在阳极电解液室内的碱性氯化钠水溶液中。 当电流通过阳极和阴极之间时，阳极电解液中的氯离子可被氧化形成氯气。 在一些情况下，电池被配置为使得氯气从电池中快速除去以抑制氯气和阳极电解液之间的化学反应。 在一些情况下，使用真空或加热系统来提高氯气离开电池的速率。 还描述了其他实现。
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公开(公告)号：USD528790S1
公开(公告)日：2006-09-26
申请号：US29241022
申请日：2005-10-21
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9.发明申请Production of Alkali Bicarbonate and Alkali Hydroxide From Alkali Carbonate in an Electrolyte Cell. 审中-公开在电解槽中碱式碳酸盐和碱性氢氧化物的生产。公开(公告)号：US20110240484A1
公开(公告)日：2011-10-06
申请号：US13078775
申请日：2011-04-01
申请人： Justin Pendleton , Ashok V. Joshi , Sai Bhavaraju
发明人： Justin Pendleton , Ashok V. Joshi , Sai Bhavaraju
CPC分类号： C25B1/14 , C25B1/16 , C25B3/04 , Y02P20/132
摘要： Alkali bicarbonate is synthesized in an electrolytic cell from alkali carbonate. The electrolytic cell includes an alkali ion conductive membrane positioned between an anolyte compartment configured with an anode and a catholyte compartment configured with a cathode. The alkali conductive membrane selectively transports alkali ions and prevents the transport of anions produced in the catholyte compartment. An aqueous alkali carbonate solution is introduced into the anolyte compartment and electrolyzed at the anode to produce carbon dioxide and/or hydrogen ions which react with alkali carbonate to produce alkali bicarbonate. The alkali bicarbonate is recovered by filtration or other separation techniques. When the catholyte solution includes water, pure alkali hydroxide is produced. When the catholyte solution includes methanol, pure alkali methoxide is produced.
摘要翻译： 在碱金属碳酸盐的电解池中合成碱金属碳酸氢盐。 电解池包括位于由阳极构成的阳极电解室和由阴极构成的阴极电解液室之间的碱性离子传导膜。 碱性导电膜选择性地输送碱离子并防止在阴极电解液室中产生的阴离子的输送。 将碱金属碳酸盐水溶液引入阳极电解液室中并在阳极处电解以产生与碱金属碳酸盐反应产生碱式碳酸氢盐的二氧化碳和/或氢离子。 通过过滤或其他分离技术回收碱金属碳酸氢盐。 当阴极电解液包含水时，产生纯碱氢氧化物。 当阴极电解液包含甲醇时，产生纯碱金属甲醇盐。
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公开(公告)号：US20110015449A1
公开(公告)日：2011-01-20
申请号：US12834679
申请日：2010-07-12
申请人： Justin Pendleton , Sai Bhavaraju
发明人： Justin Pendleton , Sai Bhavaraju
CPC分类号： C07C41/01 , C07C29/70 , C07C37/66 , C07C31/30 , C07C39/235 , C07C43/257 , C07C43/03
摘要： A dialkyl or diaryl ether is produced by reacting carbon dioxide with a metal alcoholate having the formula, M(RO)x, where “M” is a Group 1, Group 2, or Group 3 metal; “x” is the valence of the metal M; “R” is a C1 to C6 lower alkyl or aryl, wherein the reaction produces a dialkyl or diaryl ether having a formula, R—O—R, and a metal carbonate having a formula M2CO3 where M is a Group 1 metal, MCO3 where M is a Group 2 metal, and M2(CO3)3 where M is a Group 3 metal. The metal carbonate may be removed by conventional means, such as filtration. The dialkyl or diaryl ether may be recovered and used as a fuel, fuel additive, propellant, or building block for other fuels or petrochemicals. In some cases the metal alcoholate is in an alcohol solution and the alcohol and metal carbonate are recycled to regenerate the metal alcoholate. A specific example of dimethyl ether production is disclosed.
摘要翻译： 通过使二氧化碳与具有式M（RO）x的金属醇化物反应制备二烷基或二芳基醚，其中“M”为第1族，第2族或第3族金属; “x”是金属M的化合价; “R”是C1至C6低级烷基或芳基，其中该反应产生具有式R-O-R的二烷基或二芳基醚和具有式M2CO3的金属碳酸盐，其中M是第1族金属，MCO3， M是2族金属，M2（CO3）3，其中M是第3族金属。 金属碳酸盐可以通过常规方法如过滤除去。 可以回收二烷基醚或二芳基醚，并将其用作燃料，燃料添加剂，推进剂或其它燃料或石化产品的结构单元。 在一些情况下，金属醇化物在醇溶液中，并且将醇和金属碳酸盐再循环以再生金属醇化物。 公开了二甲醚生产的具体实例。
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