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1.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US6119511A
公开(公告)日：2000-09-19
申请号：US299379
申请日：1999-04-27
申请人： Sherril D. Christian , Andrew R. Slagle , Edwin E. Tucker , John F. Scamehorn , Katsuhiko Fujio
发明人： Sherril D. Christian , Andrew R. Slagle , Edwin E. Tucker , John F. Scamehorn , Katsuhiko Fujio
IPC分类号： G01N13/02
CPC分类号： G01N13/02
摘要： A method and apparatus is presented for determining surface tension of a liquid or interfacial tension between two dissimilar liquids by using a rigidly suspended probe with small sample sizes and by measuring probe force using a top-loading balance used for supporting the container of liquids under test. When a small sample size in a small container is used, capillary action between a probe and the container walls enhances the measured force, and an adjustment factor for the capillary action must be applied. A probe rigidly suspended to overcome capillary action between the probe and walls permits such measurements. For any sized sample, in accordance with Isaac Newton's third law of equal and opposite forces acting between objects, the force required for lifting a probe vertically from a liquid is equivalent to the reduction in weight of the liquid and container. Force magnitude is thus determined using a top-loading balance for observing weight change, either in the liquid while a suitably configured probe is withdrawn from the liquid or in a probe suspended by a direction converter resting on a top-loading balance while the container and liquid are lowered.
摘要翻译： 提出了一种方法和装置，用于通过使用具有小样品尺寸的刚性悬挂的探针和通过使用用于支撑待测液体的容器的顶部负载平衡来测量探针力来确定液体的表面张力或两种不同液体之间的界面张力 。 当使用小容器中的小样品尺寸时，探头和容器壁之间的毛细作用增强了测量的力，并且必须应用毛细作用的调节因子。 刚性悬挂以克服探针和墙壁之间的毛细作用的探针允许这种测量。 对于任何尺寸的样品，根据Isaac Newton在物体之间作用的相等和相反力的第三定律，从液体垂直提起探头所需的力等于液体和容器重量的减少。 因此，使用用于观察重量变化的顶部载荷平衡来确定力的大小，无论是在液体中，而适当配置的探针从液体中取出，或者在由搁置在顶部装载平衡上的方向转换器悬挂的探针中，而容器和 液体降低。
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公开(公告)号：US5456840A
公开(公告)日：1995-10-10
申请号：US194537
申请日：1994-02-10
CPC分类号： B01D61/16 , B01D61/145 , C02F9/00 , B01D2311/04 , C02F1/54 , C02F1/56 , C02F1/705 , C02F2101/22
摘要： A method for removing anions from water is provided. A complexing agent, such as a cationic polyelectrolyte, is added to untreated water. The cationic polyelectrolyte complexes with anions, such as chromate, and the complex if filtered out of the water. The complex is then treated with a regeneration agent, such as barium chloride or lead chloride to precipitate ions and to regenerate the complexing agent. The regenerated complexing agent can be reused for water treatment.
摘要翻译： 提供了一种从水中除去阴离子的方法。 向未处理的水中加入络合剂，例如阳离子聚电解质。 阳离子聚电解质与阴离子如铬酸盐络合物，如果从水中过滤出复合物。 然后用再生剂如氯化钡或氯化铅处理复合物以沉淀离子并再生络合剂。 再生络合剂可以再次用于水处理。
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公开(公告)号：US5302290A
公开(公告)日：1994-04-12
申请号：US24705
申请日：1993-03-01
CPC分类号： C02F9/00 , B01D61/145 , B01D61/16 , B01D2311/04 , C02F1/54 , C02F1/56 , C02F1/705 , C02F2101/22 , Y10S210/913
摘要： A method for removing toxic anions from water is provided. A complexing agent, such as a cationic polyelectrolyte, is added to untreated water. The cationic polyelectrolyte complexes with anions, such as chromate, and the complex is filtered out of the water. The complex is then treated with barium chloride, lead chloride, aluminum, iron, or zinc to precipitate chromium ions and to regenerate the complexing agent. The regenerated complexing agent can be reused for water treatment.
摘要翻译： 提供了一种从水中除去有毒阴离子的方法。 向未处理的水中加入络合剂，例如阳离子聚电解质。 与阴离子如铬酸盐的阳离子聚电解质配合物和络合物从水中过滤出来。 然后用氯化钡，氯化铅，铝，铁或锌处理复合物以沉淀铬离子并再生络合剂。 再生络合剂可以再次用于水处理。
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公开(公告)号：US5176834A
公开(公告)日：1993-01-05
申请号：US703236
申请日：1991-05-20
IPC分类号： B01D61/16
CPC分类号： B01D61/16 , B01D61/145 , B01D2311/04 , Y10S210/904 , Y10S210/906 , Y10S210/912 , Y10S210/913
摘要： A method for reducing the concentration of target co-ions in a liquid feed mixture comprising target co-ions and counter-ions by adding a colloid such as a polyelectrolyte or surfactant comprising a colloidal ion and colloidal counter-ions to the feed mixture wherein the colloidal ion has the same type of charge as the target co-ion. The feed mixture containing the colloid is filtered through an ultrafiltration membrane having pores small enough to block the passage of the colloidal ion.
摘要翻译： 一种通过向进料混合物中加入包含胶体离子和胶体抗衡离子的胶体如聚电解质或表面活性剂来降低包含靶共离子和抗衡离子的液体进料混合物中的目标共离子浓度的方法，其中 胶体离子具有与靶共离子相同的电荷类型。 含有胶体的进料混合物通过具有足够小的孔的超滤膜过滤以阻止胶体离子的通过。
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公开(公告)号：US4696726A
公开(公告)日：1987-09-29
申请号：US885519
申请日：1986-07-14
CPC分类号： C07C31/36 , B01D61/025 , C07C29/76
摘要： A continuous process for the production of dichlorohydrin by the reaction of allyl chloride, water and chlorine having substantially lower energy requirements than conventional processes, wherein the reaction mixture is subjected to reverse osmosis to concentrate the dichlorohydrin and to provide a permeate stream substantially free of dichlorohydrin, which permeate stream is recycled to the reaction.
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6.发明授权Method for selectively plugging the more permeable regions of an underground formation having non-uniform permeability 失效选择性地堵塞具有不均匀渗透性的地下地层的更可渗透区域的方法
公开(公告)号：US4745976A
公开(公告)日：1988-05-24
申请号：US908634
申请日：1986-09-18
IPC分类号： C09K8/50 , E21B43/22 , E21B33/138
CPC分类号： C09K8/501
摘要： A method for selectively plugging the more permeable regions of an underground formation having non-uniform permeability wherein a first surfactant solution is injected into the formation in an amount effective to contact a substantial portion of the surface area of the highly permeable regions of the formation, which first surfactant solution is characterized as having a selected chromatographic velocity and as being capable of reversibly adsorbing onto the surface of the pores of the formation.After injecting the first surfactant solution, a water-soluble spacer fluid is injected in an amount sufficient to place the first surfactant solution a selected distant into the formation, the spacer fluid being characterized as having a pre-injection viscosity about equal to the first surfactant solution.After injecting the space fluid, a second surfactant solution is injected in an amount about equal to the amount of the first surfactant solution, and characterized as having a pre-injection viscosity about equal to the first surfactant solution and the spacer fluid, and as having a selected chromatographic velocity which is higher than the chromatographic velocity of the first surfactant solution, and has having a composition such that it will be capable of interacting physically with the first surfactant solution to produce a phase change so that the product of such interaction is capable of at least partially plugging the pores of the formation in which such product is placed.
摘要翻译： 一种用于选择性地堵塞具有不均匀渗透性的地下地层的更可渗透区域的方法，其中第一表面活性剂溶液以有效接触地层的高可渗透区域的大部分表面积的量注入到地层中， 该第一表面活性剂溶液的特征在于具有选定的色谱速度并且能够可逆地吸附在地层的孔的表面上。 在注入第一表面活性剂溶液之后，以足以将第一表面活性剂溶液置于地层中的量使其注入水溶性间隔液，间隔液的特征在于预注射粘度大约等于第一表面活性剂 解。 在注入空间流体之后，以与第一表面活性剂溶液的量相等的量注入第二表面活性剂溶液，其特征在于具有等于第一表面活性剂溶液和间隔液的预注射粘度，并且具有 所选择的色谱速度高于第一表面活性剂溶液的色谱速度，并且具有使其能够与第一表面活性剂溶液物理相互作用以产生相变的组成，使得这种相互作用的产物具有能力 至少部分地堵塞放置这种产品的地层的孔隙。
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7.发明授权Incomplete drying of activated carbon in a process for VCM reduction in vapors 失效在蒸气中VCM还原过程中活性炭不完全干燥
公开(公告)号：US4128405A
公开(公告)日：1978-12-05
申请号：US769361
申请日：1977-02-16
CPC分类号： B01D53/02
摘要： A method for adsorbing VCM from vapors through the use of incompletely dried activated carbon under essentially adiabatic conditions allowing most of the VCM to adsorb on carbon having water previously adsorbed, the heat of adsorption of VCM desorbing the water instead of heating the carbon bed. The VCM adsorption is greater than that found on a dry bed when an adiabatic temperature rise is allowed to occur on the dry bed. A portion of the carbon bed can be kept dry if necessary to reach desired VCM levels. The advantage of the invention resides in adsorbing greater amounts of VCM per pound of carbon used, less drying necessary after regeneration, and less likelihood of high temperature deleterious reactions occurring.
摘要翻译： 一种通过在绝对条件下使用不完全干燥的活性炭从蒸气中吸附VCM的方法，允许大部分VCM吸附在先前被吸附的水的碳上，VCM吸附热而不是加热碳床。 当干燥床上允许绝热温度升高时，VCM吸附大于在干燥床上发现的吸附。 如果需要，碳床的一部分可以保持干燥以达到所需的VCM水平。 本发明的优点在于吸附更多量的VCM每磅碳，再生后需要较少的干燥，并且发生高温有害反应的可能性较小。
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公开(公告)号：US4126750A
公开(公告)日：1978-11-21
申请号：US857052
申请日：1977-12-05
IPC分类号： B01J8/06 , B01J21/00 , C07B61/00 , C07C27/00 , C07C37/16 , C07C39/07 , C07C67/00 , C07C37/12
CPC分类号： B01J8/067 , C07C37/16 , B01J2208/0007 , B01J2208/00212 , B01J2208/0053
摘要： High pressure methylation of 2,6-xylenol to produce 2,3,6-trimethylphenol is accomplished by maintaining the methanol/2,6-xylenol feed at temperature and pressures sufficient to keep the feed liquid in a reactor head then forcing the feed through orifices, expanding the feed into a mixed vapor liquid phase, the feed after expansion being in the range of reaction conditions of pressure and temperature while in the presence of the catalyst where the reaction takes place. The process avoids the current problems of uneven feed mixtures and catalyst tube plugging.
摘要翻译： 2,6-二甲苯酚的高压甲基化制备2,3,6-三甲基苯酚是通过将甲醇/ 2,6-二甲苯酚进料保持在足够的温度和压力下将进料液体保持在反应器头中，然后强制进料通过 孔，将进料膨胀成混合汽相液相，膨胀后的进料在反应发生的催化剂存在下在压力和温度的反应条件的范围内。 该过程避免了当前不均匀的进料混合物和催化剂管堵塞的问题。
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公开(公告)号：US4943376A
公开(公告)日：1990-07-24
申请号：US176616
申请日：1988-04-01
CPC分类号： C01B31/087 , B01J20/20 , B01J20/3416 , B01J20/3475
摘要： A method of regenerating spent hydrophobic materials, and recovering material sorbed thereon whereby sorbed materials are removed by contacting same with a surfactant solution. The surfactant solution, is of sufficient concentration to form micelles which are aggregates of surfactant molecules with a hydrocarbon-like interior which solubilize a portion of the sorbed material. The resulting solution is removed from the hydrophobic material and the material contained therein separated from the solution. Any residual surfactant on the hydrophobic material may be flushed from the hydrophobic material, if necessary.
摘要翻译： 再生废疏水材料的方法，以及回收吸附在其上的材料，由此通过与表面活性剂溶液接触来除去吸附材料。 表面活性剂溶液具有足够的浓度以形成胶束，其是具有烃类内部的表面活性剂分子的聚集体，其溶解吸着材料的一部分。 将所得溶液从疏水材料中除去，并将其中所含的材料与溶液分离。 如果需要，疏水材料上的任何残留的表面活性剂可以从疏水材料中冲洗掉。
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公开(公告)号：US4218413A
公开(公告)日：1980-08-19
申请号：US970282
申请日：1978-12-18
CPC分类号： B01J20/08 , C01F7/448 , C01P2006/14
摘要： A method for increasing the pore volume of alumina powder produced by spray drying alumina slurries by heating the slurry to a temperature near the boiling point of water and a pressure up to the critical point of water then introducing the slurry to a spray drying chamber through a small orifice, thereby creating a backpressure in excess of slurry vapor pressure and up to the critical point of water.
摘要翻译： 通过将浆料加热到接近水沸点的温度并将压力升至水的临界点，从而通过喷雾干燥氧化铝浆料产生的氧化铝粉末的孔体积增加的方法，然后将浆料通过 从而产生超过浆料蒸汽压力并高达临界点的背压。
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