摘要:
This silicon wafer production process has a step of cutting a silicon wafer from a silicon single crystal ingot in a perfect region which includes a perfect region P free of agglomerates of interstitial-silicon-type point defects and agglomerates of vacancy-type point defects and/or a region R in which there is occurrence of ring-shaped oxidation induced stacking faults, and a step of performing rapid thermal annealing on the silicon wafer in a hydrogen atmosphere, an argon atmosphere or an atmosphere containing a mixed gas thereof.
摘要:
Disclosed are a control system and a control method for an automatic transmission, in which a judgment is made whether or not a range selector (31) has been switched to a reverse range during forward traveling of the vehicle. When it is determined that the range selector (31) has been switched to the reverse range during forward traveling of the vehicle, a judgment is made whether or not the vehicle speed is lower than a first vehicle speed and whether or not the period of time that has elapsed until switching from the forward to the reverse range is shorter than a predetermined judgment time. When the vehicle speed is lower than the first vehicle speed and the period of time that has elapsed until switching from the forward to the reverse range is shorter than the predetermined judgment time, a forward/backward changeover mechanism (4) is switched to a reverse mode. Otherwise, the switching of the forward/backward changeover mechanism (4) to the reverse mode is delayed.
摘要:
A protection structure for a surge absorbing element for protecting equipment such as communications lines from surges caused by lightning or the like which makes use of a surge absorbing element in parallel with the equipment to be protected and a low melting point metal wire in direct contact with the element and in series therewith. The structure protects the surge absorbing element or assembly from continuous overvoltage or overcurrent which may be generated by a short-circuit of an alternating electric current source and the like.
摘要:
A surge absorber including a surge absorbing element for protecting communication equipment from transient surges and a thermal response switch with an automatic restoration function connected in parallel with the surge absorbing element. The inventive surge absorber prevents abnormal and deleterious heating of the surge absorbing element when continuous overvoltages or overcurrents are applied to the surge absorber.
摘要:
A torque converter lockup clutch control apparatus operates a lockup clutch to provide a controlled degree of slip between the converter cover and the turbine hub. Cylinder output sensors are provided for monitoring outputs produced in the respective cylinders of an internal combustion engine. The monitored cuylinder outputs are utilized to calculate the amplitude of fluctuation of the torque outputted from the engine. The degree of slip provided in the lockup clutch is changed when the calculated amplitude exceeds a predetermined value.
摘要:
A plurality of one-way and/or fixed orifices are each provided with a by-pass passage. A single orifice control valve is arranged to control all of the by-pass passages. The orifices are selected so that only one of the same is involved in any given mode of transmission operation.
摘要:
A system and method for automatically controlling a vehicle's speed to a desired cruise speed, for a vehicle in which a torque converter and an automatic transmission are mounted are disclosed in which, when the vehicle speed is controlled so as to conicide with the desired cruise speed by means of an automatic (vehicle) speed control device (ASCD) associated with the vehicle engine, deviation of a present vehicle speed from a desired cruise speed is derived. When a first predetermined degree of deviation is reached, the lock-up state of a lock-up device in the torque converter is inhibited. When the deviation further reaches a second predetermined degree of deviation, the second predetermined deviation being greater than the first, the automatic transmission is operated to inhibit a maximum speed gear range (e.g. a fourth speed range is downshifted to a third speed gear range). When the vehicle speed is returned to the cruise speed via the inhibition of the maximum speed gear range, the inhibit is released and thereafter lock-up inhibit is also released.
摘要:
A shift control system for an automatic transmission is disclosed, in which the servo activating pressure modulating means, modulating the servo activating pressure during a period of shifting in response to signal from the signal generating means, sets the shift feel in accordance with a command to the shift feel modulating means manually made by a driver. Further, the shift feel can also be set in accordance with the driver's command by modulating output torque of the engine during a period of shifting in response to the signal. Furthermore, upon modulating the shift feel, more remarkable modulation thereof is obtained by also modulating a shift point of the automatic transmission by the shift point modulating means.
摘要:
An exposure apparatus, which forms a latent image pattern on a substrate using an exposure beam, includes a first structure which supports a projection unit which projects an exposure beam onto a substrate, a first supporting leg which includes a first actuator and supports the first structure, a first state detector which detects a state of the first structure, a second structure which supports a substrate stage which aligns the substrate, a second supporting leg which includes a second actuator and supports the second structure, a second state detector which detects a state of the second structure, and a control unit which controls, on the basis of a signal from the first state detector and a signal from the second state detector, the first actuator and the second actuator so as to synchronize the first structure and the second structure with each other.
摘要:
A ground surface as an image acquiring object is acquired by a synthetic aperture radar mounted on an artificial satellite at a usual time before occurrence of a disaster and thereby radar image data are obtained. After the occurrence of the disaster, an image of the ground surface as the image acquiring object is acquired within days shorter than the number of orbit returning days and by comparing this radar image data with the radar image data acquired at the usual time so as to try to early grasp a damaged situation. At a recovering and rebuilding time after the occurrence of the disaster, images of the image acquiring object are periodically acquired so as to prepare a recovering and rebuilding plan and prevent secondary disasters.