摘要:
Chemical reactions of superconducting raw materials with active oxygen atoms and their charged particles are accelerated by using at least oxygen plasma in the fabrication process of a superconductive body. Thereby an ionic crystal is grown in a short time, which provides stable superconducting materials of high quality such as high critical temperature and low resistivity. In another aspect, a substrate is irradiated simultaneously with streams of vapor of metal elements, of which a superconductive body is to be composed, and a stream of gas of ions generated in a plasma chamber and film growth is effected while keeping the substrate at a temperature higher than 400.degree. C. to produce a ceramic type superconductive thin film.
摘要:
A process for fabricating a superconducting oxide thin film is disclosed which comprises the steps of separately evaporating metal elements, of which the superconducting oxide thin film with a desired stoichiometry is to be composed, to a substrate and simultaneously irradiating the substrate with oxygen plasma generated by RF wave or ECR microwave to form a crystalline oxide film without further annealing.
摘要:
A gas discharge display panel adapted for effecting display by a plurality of gas discharge elements arranged in a matrix has a cathode formed by coating the substrate surface with a (100) preferred film of a rare earth hexaboride such as LaB.sub.6. The gas discharge display panel can be driven at relatively low voltage.
摘要:
There are provided an electron beam application method and an electron beam application device capable of uniformly applying electron beams to an object even if the electron beams have a low energy. For this, electron beams (EB) are applied to a beverage container (30) (object) within a magnetic barrier (MF) formed by combining a plurality of magnetic fields generated in an electron beam application region.
摘要:
There are provided an electron beam application method and an electron beam application device capable of uniformly applying electron beams to an object even if the electron beams have a low energy. For this, electron beams (EB) are applied to a beverage container (30) (object) within a magnetic barrier (MF) formed by combining a plurality of magnetic fields generated in an electron beam application region.
摘要:
There is described a fixing device equipped in an image forming apparatus, which employs an electro-photographic method for forming an image on a transfer material, and having a lifetime longer than conventional one. The fixing device includes a first roller having a first elastic layer formed in a cylindrical shape on an outer surface of the first roller; and a second roller having a second elastic layer formed in a cylindrical shape on an outer surface of the second roller. A hardness of the second elastic layer is higher than that of the first elastic layer, and a nip section is formed between the first elastic layer and the second elastic layer. A longitudinal length of the first elastic layer in an axial direction of the first roller is greater than that of the second elastic layer in an axial direction of the second roller.
摘要:
An image forming apparatus which detects deterioration of developer contained in a developing unit, and if it is the case, the toner is discharged out of the developing unit through a surface of an image carrying member. The apparatus is provided with a sensor to measure toner concentration in developer contained in the developing unit, a drive controller to control a supply amount of toner into the developing unit based on the toner concentration, a calculating unit to obtain average toner supply during a predetermined period, a detecting unit to detect the deterioration of the developer by comparing the average toner supply with a reference data stored in a memory.
摘要:
The present invention relates to a color copying apparatus which prevents toner scattering from a tip portion of a cleaner to an image area of an image carrying drum. An exposing device forms a stripe latent image in a stripe area at an upstream of the image area of an image carrying drum in a rotating direction of the image carrying drum, and a developing device stops development within the stripe area. The result is a generation of a sharp potential gap in the stripe area. The cleaner starts cleaning by touching to the stripe area, and accumulated toner on the tip of the cleaner is attracted by the sharp potential gap and is held within the stripe area. This prevents the toner from being scattered to the image area of the image carrying drum.
摘要:
A control method of supplying toner to a developing device wherein a toner supply to the developing device is controlled so that a level of the toner density is increased in a range not more than a predetermined level at a predetermined interval of an integrated development period while the developing device continues its developing operations without any continuous interruption longer than a constant period, and the level of the toner density is decreased when the continuous interruption is longer than said constant period.
摘要:
In a gas-discharge display device, a plurality of parallel cathodes connected to cathode terminals (K.PHI..sub.1 to K.PHI..sub.4) by multiphase connection are disposed in equally spaced apart relation on one surface of a substrate, while a plurality of parallel and equally spaced-apart anodes are disposed on the rear surface of a face plate in a relation crossing with the cathodes, and the fact plate is superposed on the substrate through barrier ribs defining a discharge space. In the display device, time-serial multiphase pulse voltage trains are applied to the individual cathodes respectively, while a train of pulses of large width corresponding to display information is applied to each of the anodes in a relation superposed on a train of pulses of small width used for initiation of an auxiliary discharge.