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    Apparatus and methods for forming energy storage and photovoltaic devices in a linear system
    1.
    发明授权
    Apparatus and methods for forming energy storage and photovoltaic devices in a linear system 失效
    用于在线性系统中形成储能和光伏器件的装置和方法

    公开(公告)号：US08334017B2

    公开(公告)日：2012-12-18

    申请号：US12885139

    申请日：2010-09-17

    申请人： Victor L. Pushparaj ,  Pravin K. Narwankar ,  Dieter Haas ,  Bipin Thakur ,  Mahesh Arcot ,  Vikas Gujar ,  Omkaram Nalamasu

    发明人： Victor L. Pushparaj ,  Pravin K. Narwankar ,  Dieter Haas ,  Bipin Thakur ,  Mahesh Arcot ,  Vikas Gujar ,  Omkaram Nalamasu

    IPC分类号： C23C16/00

    CPC分类号： C23C16/545 ,  B82Y10/00 ,  B82Y40/00 ,  H01L31/035227 ,  H01L31/075 ,  H01L31/1876 ,  H01L31/206 ,  H01L51/0048 ,  H01L51/4213 ,  Y02E10/548 ,  Y02E10/549 ,  Y02P70/521

    摘要： A method and apparatus are provided for formation of a composite material on a substrate. The composite material includes carbon nanotubes and/or nanofibers, and composite intrinsic and doped silicon structures. In one embodiment, the substrates are in the form of an elongated sheet or web of material, and the apparatus includes supply and take-up rolls to support the web prior to and after formation of the composite materials. The web is guided through various processing chambers to form the composite materials. In another embodiment, the large scale substrates comprise discrete substrates. The discrete substrates are supported on a conveyor system or, alternatively, are handled by robots that route the substrates through the processing chambers to form the composite materials on the substrates. The composite materials are useful in the formation of energy storage devices and/or photovoltaic devices.

    摘要翻译： 提供了一种用于在基底上形成复合材料的方法和装置。 复合材料包括碳纳米管和/或纳米纤维，以及复合本征和掺杂硅结构。 在一个实施方案中，基材为细长片或材料网的形式，并且该装置包括在形成复合材料之前和之后的供应和卷取辊以支撑幅材。 纤维网被引导通过各种处理室以形成复合材料。 在另一个实施例中，大规模衬底包括离散衬底。 离散的衬底被支撑在输送系统上，或者由机器人来处理，该机器人将衬底通过处理室，以在衬底上形成复合材料。 复合材料可用于形成储能装置和/或光伏器件。

    3D APPROACH ON BATTERY AND SUPERCAPACITOR FABRICATION BY INITIATION CHEMICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION TECHNIQUES
    2.
    发明申请
    3D APPROACH ON BATTERY AND SUPERCAPACITOR FABRICATION BY INITIATION CHEMICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION TECHNIQUES 有权
    电化学蒸汽沉积技术电池和超级电容器制造三维方法

    公开(公告)号：US20110045349A1

    公开(公告)日：2011-02-24

    申请号：US12858531

    申请日：2010-08-18

    申请人： Victor L. Pushparaj ,  Pravin K. Narwankar ,  Omkaram Nalamasu

    发明人： Victor L. Pushparaj ,  Pravin K. Narwankar ,  Omkaram Nalamasu

    IPC分类号： H01M10/058 ,  B05D5/12 ,  C23C16/00 ,  H01G9/07

    CPC分类号： H01M4/661 ,  H01G9/0029 ,  H01G9/0032 ,  H01G9/155 ,  H01M4/133 ,  H01M4/134 ,  H01M4/1393 ,  H01M4/1395 ,  H01M10/0525 ,  H01M10/0565 ,  H01M10/0585 ,  Y02E60/13 ,  Y10T29/49115

    摘要： Methods and apparatus for forming energy storage devices are provided. In one embodiment a method of producing an energy storage device is provided. The method comprises positioning an anodic current collector into a processing region, depositing one or more three-dimensional electrodes separated by a finite distance on a surface of the anodic current collector such that portions of the surface of the anodic current collector remain exposed, depositing a conformal polymeric layer over the anodic current collector and the one or more three-dimensional electrodes using iCVD techniques comprising flowing a gaseous monomer into the processing region, flowing a gaseous initiator into the processing region through a heated filament to form a reactive gas mixture of the gaseous monomer and the gaseous initiator, wherein the heated filament is heated to a temperature between about 300° C. and about 600° C., and depositing a conformal layer of cathodic material over the conformal polymeric layer.

    摘要翻译： 提供了形成储能装置的方法和装置。 在一个实施例中，提供了一种生产能量存储装置的方法。 该方法包括将阳极集电器定位到处理区域中，在阳极集电器的表面上沉积由有限距离分隔的一个或多个三维电极，使得阳极集电器的表面的一部分保持暴露， 使用iCVD技术使阳极集电器和一个或多个三维电极上的共形聚合物层包括使气态单体流入加工区域，将气态引发剂通过加热的细丝流入加工区域以形成反应性气体混合物 气态单体和气态引发剂，其中将加热的长丝加热至约300℃至约600℃之间的温度，以及在共形聚合物层上沉积保形层的阴极材料。

    3D approach on battery and supercapitor fabrication by initiation chemical vapor deposition techniques
    3.
    发明授权
    3D approach on battery and supercapitor fabrication by initiation chemical vapor deposition techniques 有权
    通过引发化学气相沉积技术的电池和超级电容器制造的3D方法

    公开(公告)号：US08603195B2

    公开(公告)日：2013-12-10

    申请号：US12858531

    申请日：2010-08-18

    申请人： Victor L. Pushparaj ,  Pravin K. Narwankar ,  Omkaram Nalamasu

    发明人： Victor L. Pushparaj ,  Pravin K. Narwankar ,  Omkaram Nalamasu

    IPC分类号： H01M4/13 ,  H01M4/58 ,  H01M4/60 ,  H01M4/82 ,  H01M6/12 ,  H01M6/46 ,  B05D5/12

    CPC分类号： H01M4/661 ,  H01G9/0029 ,  H01G9/0032 ,  H01G9/155 ,  H01M4/133 ,  H01M4/134 ,  H01M4/1393 ,  H01M4/1395 ,  H01M10/0525 ,  H01M10/0565 ,  H01M10/0585 ,  Y02E60/13 ,  Y10T29/49115

    摘要： Methods and apparatus for forming energy storage devices are provided. In one embodiment a method of producing an energy storage device is provided. The method comprises positioning an anodic current collector into a processing region, depositing one or more three-dimensional electrodes separated by a finite distance on a surface of the anodic current collector such that portions of the surface of the anodic current collector remain exposed, depositing a conformal polymeric layer over the anodic current collector and the one or more three-dimensional electrodes using iCVD techniques comprising flowing a gaseous monomer into the processing region, flowing a gaseous initiator into the processing region through a heated filament to form a reactive gas mixture of the gaseous monomer and the gaseous initiator, wherein the heated filament is heated to a temperature between about 300° C. and about 600° C., and depositing a conformal layer of cathodic material over the conformal polymeric layer.

    摘要翻译： 提供了形成储能装置的方法和装置。 在一个实施例中，提供了一种生产能量存储装置的方法。 该方法包括将阳极集电器定位到处理区域中，在阳极集电器的表面上沉积由有限距离分隔的一个或多个三维电极，使得阳极集电器的表面的一部分保持暴露， 使用iCVD技术使阳极集电器和一个或多个三维电极上的共形聚合物层包括使气态单体流入加工区域，将气态引发剂通过加热的细丝流入加工区域以形成反应性气体混合物 气态单体和气态引发剂，其中将加热的长丝加热至约300℃至约600℃之间的温度，以及在共形聚合物层上沉积保形层的阴极材料。

    CARBON NANOTUBE-BASED SOLAR CELLS
    4.
    发明申请
    CARBON NANOTUBE-BASED SOLAR CELLS 有权
    基于碳纳米管的太阳能电池

    公开(公告)号：US20100313951A1

    公开(公告)日：2010-12-16

    申请号：US12797529

    申请日：2010-06-09

    申请人： Omkaram Nalamasu ,  Charles Gay ,  Victor L. Pushparaj ,  Kaushal K. Singh ,  Robert J. Visser ,  Majeed A. Foad ,  Ralf Hofmann

    发明人： Omkaram Nalamasu ,  Charles Gay ,  Victor L. Pushparaj ,  Kaushal K. Singh ,  Robert J. Visser ,  Majeed A. Foad ,  Ralf Hofmann

    IPC分类号： H01L31/04 ,  H01L31/18 ,  C23C16/22

    CPC分类号： H01L31/022425 ,  B82Y10/00 ,  H01L31/0322 ,  H01L31/03529 ,  H01L31/0384 ,  H01L31/0749 ,  H01L51/0048 ,  H01L51/4213 ,  Y02E10/541 ,  Y02P70/521

    摘要： Solar cells are provided with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) which are used: to define a micron/sub-micron geometry of the solar cells; and/or as charge transporters for efficiently removing charge carriers from the absorber layer to reduce the rate of electron-hole recombination in the absorber layer. A solar cell may comprise: a substrate; a multiplicity of areas of metal catalyst on the surface of the substrate; a multiplicity of carbon nanotube bundles formed on the multiplicity of areas of metal catalyst, each bundle including carbon nanotubes aligned roughly perpendicular to the surface of the substrate; and a photoactive solar cell layer formed over the carbon nanotube bundles and exposed surfaces of the substrate, wherein the photoactive solar cell layer is continuous over the carbon nanotube bundles and the exposed surfaces of the substrate. The photoactive solar cell layer may be comprised of amorphous silicon p/i/n thin films; although, concepts of the present invention are also applicable to solar cells with absorber layers of microcrystalline silicon, SiGe, carbon doped microcrystalline silicon, CIS, CIGS, CISSe and various p-type II-VI binary compounds and ternary and quaternary compounds.

    摘要翻译： 太阳能电池提供有碳纳米管（CNT），其用于限定太阳能电池的微米/亚微米几何形状; 和/或作为电荷转运体，用于从吸收层有效去除电荷载体以降低吸收层中电子 - 空穴复合的速率。 太阳能电池可以包括：基底; 在基材表面上的金属催化剂的多个区域; 形成在金属催化剂的多个区域上的多个碳纳米管束，每个束包括大致垂直于基板的表面排列的碳纳米管; 以及形成在所述碳纳米管束和所述基板的露出表面上的光活性太阳能电池层，其中所述光电太阳能电池层在所述碳纳米管束和所述基板的暴露表面上连续。 光电太阳能电池层可以由非晶硅p / i / n薄膜组成; 尽管本发明的概念也适用于具有微晶硅，SiGe，碳掺杂微晶硅，CIS，CIGS，CISSe和各种p型II-VI二元化合物和三元和四元化合物的吸收层的太阳能电池。

    CARBON NANOTUBE-BASED LOAD CELLS
    6.
    发明申请
    CARBON NANOTUBE-BASED LOAD CELLS 有权
    基于碳纳米管的负载细胞

    公开(公告)号：US20100050779A1

    公开(公告)日：2010-03-04

    申请号：US12201242

    申请日：2008-08-29

    申请人： Victor L. Pushparaj ,  Omkaram Nalamasu ,  Manoocher Birang

    发明人： Victor L. Pushparaj ,  Omkaram Nalamasu ,  Manoocher Birang

    IPC分类号： G01B7/16 ,  H01L49/00 ,  H01L21/66

    CPC分类号： G01L1/20 ,  G01L1/18 ,  G01L5/0076 ,  Y10S977/953 ,  Y10S977/956

    摘要： A robust, stand-alone load cell comprises a block of aligned carbon nanotubes with parallel electrodes on opposing sides of the block and an electrical circuit connected between the electrodes for measuring the electrical resistance of the block. The nanotubes are preferably aligned perpendicular to the electrodes. Carbon nanotube-based load cells may be incorporated into a wafer asssembly for characterizing semiconductor processing equipment. Such a wafer assembly includes two parallel wafers with a plurality of carbon nanotube load cells positioned between and attached to both wafers. The load cells are independently electrically connected to a device which monitors and records the resistivity of the load cell. According to further aspects of the invention, each of the load cell's parallel electrodes may be comprised of many small electrodes, where each small electrode on one side of the block has a corresponding small electrode on the opposing side of the block; corresponding pairs of small electrodes are connected in series to form a chain; an electrical circuit, connected to both ends of the chain of opposing pairs of electrodes, is used to measure the electrical resistance of the chain.

    摘要翻译： 坚固的独立测力传感器包括在块的相对侧上具有平行电极的对准碳纳米管块和连接在电极之间的用于测量块的电阻的电路。 纳米管优选垂直于电极取向。 可以将碳纳米管基称重传感器结合到用于表征半导体处理设备的晶片组件中。 这种晶片组件包括两个平行的晶片，其中多个碳纳米管负载单元位于两个晶片之间并附着在两个晶片上。 称重传感器独立地电连接到监测和记录称重传感器的电阻率的装置。 根据本发明的另外的方面，每个负载传感器的平行电极可以由许多小电极组成，其中块的一侧上的每个小电极在块的相对侧具有相应的小电极; 相应的一对小电极串联连接形成链条; 连接到相对电极对的链的两端的电路用于测量链的电阻。

    Energy storage devices and composite articles associated with the same
    7.
    发明申请
    Energy storage devices and composite articles associated with the same 审中-公开
    储能装置和与之相关的复合制品

    公开(公告)号：US20080212261A1

    公开(公告)日：2008-09-04

    申请号：US11509316

    申请日：2006-08-24

    申请人： Pulickel M. Ajayan ,  Robert J. Linhardt ,  Omkaram Nalamasu ,  Ashavani Kumar ,  Saravanababu Murugesan ,  Shaijumon M. Manikoth ,  Victor L. Pushparaj

    发明人： Pulickel M. Ajayan ,  Robert J. Linhardt ,  Omkaram Nalamasu ,  Ashavani Kumar ,  Saravanababu Murugesan ,  Shaijumon M. Manikoth ,  Victor L. Pushparaj

    IPC分类号： H01G9/00 ,  H01M10/40 ,  H01B1/24 ,  H01M10/36 ,  H01G9/022 ,  C23C16/44 ,  B29C39/02 ,  H01G9/035

    CPC分类号： H01G9/155 ,  H01G11/48 ,  Y02E60/13

    摘要： Embodiments of the invention relate to energy storage devices, e.g., capacitors and batteries, that may include a composite article of elongated conductive structures embedded in a polymer matrix. In some embodiments, a liquid containing ionic species may be dispersed within the polymer matrix of the article. The liquid may contact the elongated conductive structures within the polymer matrix. When the composite article is used as an energy storage device, the large surface area at the interface between the elongated conductive structures and the liquid can provide high energy storage. Embodiments of the invention enable storing energy using a composite article that exhibits both high and low temperature stability, high cyclic repeatability, and mechanical flexibility. The composite article can also be non-toxic, biocompatible and environmentally friendly. Thus, the composite article may be useful for a variety of energy storage applications, such as in the automotive, RFID, MEMS and medical fields.

    摘要翻译： 本发明的实施例涉及可以包括嵌入在聚合物基质中的细长导电结构的复合制品的能量存储装置，例如电容器和电池。 在一些实施方案中，含有离子物质的液体可以分散在制品的聚合物基质内。 液体可以接触聚合物基质内的细长导电结构。 当复合制品​​用作能量存储装置时，细长导电结构和液体之间的界面处的大的表面积可以提供高能量储存。 本发明的实施例能够使用表现出高低温稳定性，高循环重复性和机械柔性的复合制品来储存能量。 复合制品也可以是无毒的，生物相容的和环保的。 因此，复合制品可用于各种能量存储应用，例如在汽车，RFID，MEMS和医疗领域。

    Carbon nanotube-based solar cells
    9.
    发明授权
    Carbon nanotube-based solar cells 有权
    基于碳纳米管的太阳能电池

    公开(公告)号：US08747942B2

    公开(公告)日：2014-06-10

    申请号：US12797529

    申请日：2010-06-09

    申请人： Omkaram Nalamasu ,  Charles Gay ,  Victor L. Pushparaj ,  Kaushal K. Singh ,  Robert J. Visser ,  Majeed A. Foad ,  Ralf Hofmann

    发明人： Omkaram Nalamasu ,  Charles Gay ,  Victor L. Pushparaj ,  Kaushal K. Singh ,  Robert J. Visser ,  Majeed A. Foad ,  Ralf Hofmann

    IPC分类号： B05D5/12

    CPC分类号： H01L31/022425 ,  B82Y10/00 ,  H01L31/0322 ,  H01L31/03529 ,  H01L31/0384 ,  H01L31/0749 ,  H01L51/0048 ,  H01L51/4213 ,  Y02E10/541 ,  Y02P70/521

    摘要： Solar cells are provided with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) which are used: to define a micron/sub-micron geometry of the solar cells; and/or as charge transporters for efficiently removing charge carriers from the absorber layer to reduce the rate of electron-hole recombination in the absorber layer. A solar cell may comprise: a substrate; a multiplicity of areas of metal catalyst on the surface of the substrate; a multiplicity of carbon nanotube bundles formed on the multiplicity of areas of metal catalyst, each bundle including carbon nanotubes aligned roughly perpendicular to the surface of the substrate; and a photoactive solar cell layer formed over the carbon nanotube bundles and exposed surfaces of the substrate, wherein the photoactive solar cell layer is continuous over the carbon nanotube bundles and the exposed surfaces of the substrate. The photoactive solar cell layer may be comprised of amorphous silicon p/i/n thin films; although, concepts of the present invention are also applicable to solar cells with absorber layers of microcrystalline silicon, SiGe, carbon doped microcrystalline silicon, CIS, CIGS, CISSe and various p-type II-VI binary compounds and ternary and quaternary compounds.

    摘要翻译： 太阳能电池提供有碳纳米管（CNT），其用于限定太阳能电池的微米/亚微米几何形状; 和/或作为电荷转运体，用于从吸收层有效去除电荷载体以降低吸收层中电子 - 空穴复合的速率。 太阳能电池可以包括：基底; 在基材表面上的金属催化剂的多个区域; 形成在金属催化剂的多个区域上的多个碳纳米管束，每个束包括大致垂直于基板的表面排列的碳纳米管; 以及形成在所述碳纳米管束和所述基板的露出表面上的光活性太阳能电池层，其中所述光电太阳能电池层在所述碳纳米管束和所述基板的暴露表面上连续。 光电太阳能电池层可以由非晶硅p / i / n薄膜组成; 尽管本发明的概念也适用于具有微晶硅，SiGe，碳掺杂微晶硅，CIS，CIGS，CISSe和各种p型II-VI二元化合物和三元和四元化合物的吸收层的太阳能电池。

    Carbon nanotube-based gas valve
    10.
    发明授权
    Carbon nanotube-based gas valve 有权
    碳纳米管气体阀

    公开(公告)号：US08136551B2

    公开(公告)日：2012-03-20

    申请号：US12201282

    申请日：2008-08-29

    申请人： Victor L. Pushparaj ,  Omkaram Nalamasu

    发明人： Victor L. Pushparaj ,  Omkaram Nalamasu

    IPC分类号： F16K7/04

    CPC分类号： F16K51/02 ,  F16K13/00 ,  Y10T137/86718

    摘要： Precise control over gas delivery is achieved at the micro and nanobar mass levels by incorporating blocks of aligned carbon nanotubes into valves and finely adjusting the flow through the block by controlling a compressing force applied to the block. A valve for controlling gas flow includes: a valve housing; a block of aligned carbon nanotubes, the block and the valve housing being configured to direct the gas through the carbon nanotubes in the block; and a device configured to apply a force to the block in order to compress the block, wherein the block is compressed perpendicular to the walls of the carbon nanotubes in the block; whereby the application of the force to the walls restricts the flow of the gas through the valve. The valve may further comprise an electrical device for monitoring the electrical properties of the carbon nanotube block. This monitoring provides information on the state of compression of the carbon nanotube block and/or the gas that is flowing through the valve.

    摘要翻译： 通过将对准的碳纳米管块嵌入阀中并通过控制施加到块的压缩力来精细地调节通过块的流动，在微量和纳米级质量水平下实现对气体输送的精确控制。 用于控制气流的阀包括：阀壳; 对准的碳纳米管块，所述块和所述阀壳体构造成引导所述气体通过所述块中的所述碳纳米管; 以及被配置为向所述块施加力以便压缩所述块的装置，其中所述块垂直于所述块中的所述碳纳米管的壁被压缩; 从而将力施加到壁限制了气体通过阀的流动。 阀还可以包括用于监测碳纳米管块的电性能的电气装置。 该监测提供关于碳纳米管块和/或流过阀的气体的压缩状态的信息。