摘要:
An apparatus for generating electricity via thermophotovoltaic (TPV) energy conversion includes a metallic combustor to convert fuel into heat. The apparatus also includes a metallic photonic crystal to emit electromagnetic radiation within a predetermined wavelength band in response to receiving the heat from the combustor. A brazing layer is disposed between the combustor and the photonic crystal to couple the combustor with the photonic crystal. The apparatus also includes a photovoltaic cell, in electromagnetic communication with the photonic crystal, to convert the electromagnetic radiation emitted by the photonic crystal into electricity.
摘要:
Inventive systems and methods for the generation of energy using thermophotovoltaic cells are described. Also described are systems and methods for selectively emitting electromagnetic radiation from an emitter for use in thermophotovoltaic energy generation systems. In at least some of the inventive energy generation systems and methods, a voltage applied to the thermophotovoltaic cell (e.g., to enhance the power produced by the cell) can be adjusted to enhance system performance. Certain embodiments of the systems and methods described herein can be used to generate energy relatively efficiently.
摘要:
Inventive systems and methods for the generation of energy using thermophotovoltaic cells are described. Also described are systems and methods for selectively emitting electromagnetic radiation from an emitter for use in thermophotovoltaic energy generation systems. In at least some of the inventive energy generation systems and methods, a voltage applied to the thermophotovoltaic cell (e.g., to enhance the power produced by the cell) can be adjusted to enhance system performance. Certain embodiments of the systems and methods described herein can be used to generate energy relatively efficiently.
摘要:
A filter to transmit incident radiation at a predetermined incidence angle includes a plurality of photonic crystal structures disposed substantially along a surface normal direction of the filter. The photonic crystal structure includes a multilayer cell that comprises a first layer having a first dielectric permittivity, and a second layer having a second dielectric permittivity different from the first dielectric permittivity. The first layer and the second layer define a Brewster angle substantially equal to the predetermined incidence angle based on the first dielectric permittivity and the second permittivity. Each photonic crystal structure in the plurality of photonic crystal structures defines a respective bandgap, and the respective bandgaps of the plurality of photonic crystal structures, taken together, cover a continuous spectral region of about 50 nm to about 100 mm.
摘要:
The present invention provides systems, articles, and methods for discriminating electromagnetic radiation based upon the angle of incidence of the electromagnetic radiation. In some cases, the materials and systems described herein can be capable of inhibiting reflection of electromagnetic radiation (e.g., the materials and systems can be capable of transmitting and/or absorbing electromagnetic radiation) within a given range of angles of incidence at a first incident surface, while substantially reflecting electromagnetic radiation outside the range of angles of incidence at a second incident surface (which can be the same as or different from the first incident surface). A photonic material comprising a plurality of periodically occurring separate domains can be used, in some cases, to selectively transmit and/or selectively absorb one portion of incoming electromagnetic radiation while reflecting another portion of incoming electromagnetic radiation, based upon the angle of incidence. In some embodiments, one domain of the photonic material can include an isotropic dielectric function, while another domain of the photonic material can include an anisotropic dielectric function. In some instances, one domain of the photonic material can include an isotropic magnetic permeability, while another domain of the photonic material can include an anisotropic magnetic permeability. In some embodiments, non-photonic materials (e.g., materials with relatively large scale features) can be used to selectively absorb incoming electromagnetic radiation based on angle of incidence.
摘要:
The present invention provides systems, articles, and methods for discriminating electromagnetic radiation based upon the angle of incidence of the electromagnetic radiation. In some cases, the materials and systems described herein can be capable of inhibiting reflection of electromagnetic radiation (e.g., the materials and systems can be capable of transmitting and/or absorbing electromagnetic radiation) within a given range of angles of incidence at a first incident surface, while substantially reflecting electromagnetic radiation outside the range of angles of incidence at a second incident surface (which can be the same as or different from the first incident surface). A photonic material comprising a plurality of periodically occurring separate domains can be used, in some cases, to selectively transmit and/or selectively absorb one portion of incoming electromagnetic radiation while reflecting another portion of incoming electromagnetic radiation, based upon the angle of incidence. In some embodiments, one domain of the photonic material can include an isotropic dielectric function, while another domain of the photonic material can include an anisotropic dielectric function. In some instances, one domain of the photonic material can include an isotropic magnetic permeability, while another domain of the photonic material can include an anisotropic magnetic permeability. In some embodiments, non-photonic materials (e.g., materials with relatively large scale features) can be used to selectively absorb incoming electromagnetic radiation based on angle of incidence.
摘要:
A transparent display includes nanoparticles having wavelength-selective scattering (e.g., resonant scattering) to preferentially scatter light at one or more discrete wavelengths so as to create images. The nanoparticles transmit light at other wavelengths to maintain a high transparency of the display. The nanoparticles are disposed in proximity to a thin film, which can enhance the scattering the process by reflecting light back to the nanoparticles for re-scattering or increasing the quality factor of the resonant scattering.
摘要:
Described herein are embodiments of a first resonator with a quality factor, Q1, greater than 100, coupled to an energy source, generating an oscillating near field region, and a second resonator, with a quality factor, Q2, greater than 100, optionally coupled to an energy drain, and moving freely within the near field region of the first resonator. The first resonator and the second resonator may be coupled to transfer electromagnetic energy from said first resonator to said second resonator as the second resonator moves freely within the near field region.
摘要:
Described herein are embodiments of a source high-Q resonator, optionally coupled to an energy source, and a second high-Q resonator, optionally coupled to an energy drain that may be located a variable distance from the source resonator. The source resonator and the second resonator may be coupled to transfer electromagnetic energy from said source resonator to said second resonator over a distance D that is smaller than each of the resonant wavelengths λ1 and λ2 corresponding to the resonant frequencies ω1 and ω2, respectively.
摘要:
Described herein are embodiments of a source high-Q resonator optionally coupled to an energy source, and a second high-Q resonator, optionally coupled to an energy drain that may be located a distance from the source resonator. The source resonator and the second resonator may be coupled to provide κ/sqrt(Γ1Γ2)>0.2 via near-field wireless energy transfer among the source resonator and the second resonator.