公开(公告)号：US08506678B2

公开(公告)日：2013-08-13

申请号：US12734682

申请日：2008-10-29

申请人： Wilhelm Albert Meulenberg ,  Stefan Baumann ,  Ludger Blum ,  Ernst Riensche

发明人： Wilhelm Albert Meulenberg ,  Stefan Baumann ,  Ludger Blum ,  Ernst Riensche

IPC分类号： B01D53/22

CPC分类号： B01D53/22 ,  B01D2256/12 ,  F23C9/00 ,  F23C2202/30 ,  F23L7/007 ,  F23L15/00 ,  F23L2900/07001 ,  Y02E20/322 ,  Y02E20/344 ,  Y02E20/348

摘要： Provided is a power plant for generating electrical energy comprising a combustion chamber for producing steam, at least one downstream flue gas purification stage, a separation stage for CO2, a recycling circuit for the flue gas, and a high-temperature O2 membrane, which is connected upstream of the combustion chamber. The high-temperature O2 membrane has an inlet and an outlet on the feed side which are thermally coupled by way of a heat exchanger. On the permeate side, the high-temperature O2 membrane has only an outlet which is connected to the combustion chamber and/or the flue gas recycling circuit and a means for cooling and/or compression which is disposed in this outlet. The power plant, in which coal is burned using substantially pure oxygen, and in which the combustion waste gas is purified and partially recirculated to the combustion process, is operated in such a way that the oxygen that is used is obtained by separation from air using a high-temperature O2 membrane, wherein the membrane is operated with atmospheric air at a pressure of up to 2 bar on the feed side and a negative pressure of between 0.02 and 0.5 bar is applied on the permeate side.

摘要翻译： 提供一种用于产生电能的发电厂，其包括用于产生蒸汽的燃烧室，至少一个下游烟道气净化级，用于CO 2的分离级，用于烟道气的回收回路和高温O 2膜，其是 连接在燃烧室的上游。 高温O 2膜在进料侧具有通过热交换器热耦合的入口和出口。 在渗透侧，高温O 2膜仅具有连接到燃烧室和/或烟道气回收回路的出口以及设置在该出口中的用于冷却和/或压缩的装置。 使用基本纯净的氧燃烧煤并且其中燃烧废气被净化并部分地再循环到燃烧过程的发电厂以这样的方式运行，使得使用的氧气通过使用 高温O2膜，其中膜在进料侧的压力为2巴的大气中进行操作，并且在渗透侧施加0.02至0.5巴的负压。

公开(公告)号：US20100263377A1

公开(公告)日：2010-10-21

申请号：US12734682

申请日：2008-10-29

申请人： Wilhelm Albert Meulenberg ,  Stefan Baumann ,  Ludger Blum ,  Ernst Riensche

发明人： Wilhelm Albert Meulenberg ,  Stefan Baumann ,  Ludger Blum ,  Ernst Riensche

IPC分类号： F01K13/00 ,  F01K7/16

CPC分类号： B01D53/22 ,  B01D2256/12 ,  F23C9/00 ,  F23C2202/30 ,  F23L7/007 ,  F23L15/00 ,  F23L2900/07001 ,  Y02E20/322 ,  Y02E20/344 ,  Y02E20/348

摘要： Provided is a power plant for generating electrical energy comprising a combustion chamber for producing steam, at least one downstream flue gas purification stage, a separation stage for CO2, a recycling circuit for the flue gas, and a high-temperature O2 membrane, which is connected upstream of the combustion chamber. The high-temperature O2 membrane has an inlet and an outlet on the feed side which are thermally coupled by way of a heat exchanger. On the permeate side, the high-temperature O2 membrane has only an outlet which is connected to the combustion chamber and/or the flue gas recycling circuit and a means for cooling and/or compression which is disposed in this outlet. The power plant, in which coal is burned using substantially pure oxygen, and in which the combustion waste gas is purified and partially recirculated to the combustion process, is operated in such a way that the oxygen that is used is obtained by separation from air using a high-temperature O2 membrane, wherein the membrane is operated with atmospheric air at a pressure of up to 2 bar on the feed side and a negative pressure of between 0.02 and 0.5 bar is applied on the permeate side.

摘要翻译： 提供一种用于产生电能的发电厂，其包括用于产生蒸汽的燃烧室，至少一个下游烟道气净化级，用于CO 2的分离级，用于烟道气的回收回路和高温O 2膜，其是 连接在燃烧室的上游。 高温O 2膜在进料侧具有通过热交换器热耦合的入口和出口。 在渗透侧，高温O 2膜仅具有连接到燃烧室和/或烟道气回收回路的出口以及设置在该出口中的用于冷却和/或压缩的装置。 使用基本纯净的氧燃烧煤并且其中燃烧废气被净化并部分地再循环到燃烧过程的发电厂以这样的方式运行，使得使用的氧气通过使用 高温O2膜，其中膜在进料侧的压力为2巴的大气中进行操作，并且在渗透侧施加0.02至0.5巴的负压。

公开(公告)号：US20100172813A1

公开(公告)日：2010-07-08

申请号：US12451966

申请日：2008-05-30

申请人： Jewgeni Nazarko ,  Ernst Riensche ,  Ludger Blum ,  Reinhard Menzer ,  Wilhelm Albert Meulenberg ,  Martin Bram

发明人： Jewgeni Nazarko ,  Ernst Riensche ,  Ludger Blum ,  Reinhard Menzer ,  Wilhelm Albert Meulenberg ,  Martin Bram

IPC分类号： B01D53/62 ,  B01D53/86

CPC分类号： B01D53/229 ,  B01D2257/30 ,  B01D2257/504 ,  Y02C10/04 ,  Y02C10/10

摘要： A method for separating carbon dioxide from a flue gas using a membrane (membrane module) is characterized in that the flue gas is at temperatures above the condensation point of the water vapor before entering the membrane separation stage. In this way, condensation of any potentially entrained water vapor out of the flue gas is avoided, so as to consistently prevent clogging of the membrane pores. The high temperatures can be achieved in different ways. The temperature of the flue gas can easily be increased to the necessary temperatures by way of an upstream heat exchanger or a burner. A compressor, which is connected upstream of the membrane module and also advantageously increases the CO2 partial pressure, brings about the necessary temperature increase at the same time. As a further alternative for the invention, the CO2 separation is performed even before desulfurizing the flue gas. This notably has the advantage of the flue gas in this process stage still being at temperatures above the condensation point of the water vapor, and thus not having to be heated separately, in addition to which, it generally carries little water vapor at this stage of the scrubbing operation.

摘要翻译： 使用膜（膜组件）从烟道气中分离二氧化碳的方法的特征在于，在进入膜分离阶段之前，烟道气处于高于水蒸汽冷凝点的温度。 以这种方式，避免任何潜在夹带的水蒸气从烟道气中冷凝，从而始终防止膜孔堵塞。 高温可以通过不同的方式实现。 烟气的温度可以通过上游热交换器或燃烧器容易地增加到必要的温度。 连接在膜组件上游的压缩机也有利地增加CO 2分压，同时带来必要的温度升高。 作为本发明的另一替代方案，即使在烟道气脱硫之前也进行CO 2分离。 这显着地具有在该工艺阶段中的烟道气仍然处于高于水蒸气冷凝点的温度的优点，因此不必单独加热，除此之外，其通常在该阶段几乎没有水蒸汽 擦洗操作。

公开(公告)号：US20120060728A1

公开(公告)日：2012-03-15

申请号：US13138977

申请日：2010-04-03

申请人： Jewgeni Nazarko ,  Ernst Riensche ,  Reinhard Menzer ,  Wilhelm Albert Meulenberg ,  Stefan Baumann

发明人： Jewgeni Nazarko ,  Ernst Riensche ,  Reinhard Menzer ,  Wilhelm Albert Meulenberg ,  Stefan Baumann

IPC分类号： F23C9/00 ,  F23L15/00 ,  F23L7/00 ,  F23J15/00

CPC分类号： F23L7/007 ,  F23C9/00 ,  F23C2202/30 ,  F23J15/06 ,  F23J15/08 ,  F23J2215/50 ,  F23L2900/07001 ,  Y02E20/322 ,  Y02E20/344 ,  Y02E20/363

摘要： A combustion system comprising a burner and a combustion chamber, is connected by way of a line to a membrane unit having a high-temperature membrane for extracting the combustion oxygen from the air, the membrane unit having a feed line for a flushing gas on the permeate side. The combustion system further comprises a circulation element for recirculated flue gas, a heat exchanger being disposed upstream of the membrane unit inside the flue gas line. Disclosed is a method for operating this combustion system, in which carbon-containing fuel is burned in an oxygen-flue gas atmosphere, and in which the oxygen for combustion is produced from air by means of a membrane unit comprising a high-temperature membrane, and in which the flue gas is in part recirculated. Disclosed are the steps of first cooling the recirculated flue gas, optionally for a flue gas scrubbing process, subsequently reheating the cooled flue gas to ensure the necessary operating temperature of the membrane, the heating energy being extracted by way of a heat exchange with the flue gas having the corresponding temperature level of the combustion process, and feeding the flue gas heated in this manner to the membrane unit as a flushing gas.

摘要翻译： 包括燃烧器和燃烧室的燃烧系统通过管线连接到具有用于从空气中提取燃烧氧的高温膜的膜单元，所述膜单元具有用于冲洗气体的进料管线 渗透面 燃烧系统还包括用于再循环烟道气的循环元件，热交换器设置在烟道气管线内部的膜单元的上游。 公开了一种操作该燃烧系统的方法，其中含碳燃料在氧 - 烟气气氛中燃烧，其中通过包含高温膜的膜单元由空气产生用于燃烧的氧， 并且其中烟道气部分地再循环。 公开了首先冷却再循环烟道气的步骤，任选地用于烟道气洗涤过程，随后重新加热冷却的烟道气以确保膜的必要操作温度，加热能量通过与烟道的热交换提取 气体具有相应的燃烧过程的温度水平，并将以这种方式加热的烟道气供给到膜单元作为冲洗气体。

公开(公告)号：US08778054B2

公开(公告)日：2014-07-15

申请号：US13138977

申请日：2010-04-03

申请人： Jewgeni Nazarko ,  Ernst Riensche ,  Reinhard Menzer ,  Wilhelm Albert Meulenberg ,  Stefan Baumann

发明人： Jewgeni Nazarko ,  Ernst Riensche ,  Reinhard Menzer ,  Wilhelm Albert Meulenberg ,  Stefan Baumann

IPC分类号： B01D53/22

CPC分类号： F23L7/007 ,  F23C9/00 ,  F23C2202/30 ,  F23J15/06 ,  F23J15/08 ,  F23J2215/50 ,  F23L2900/07001 ,  Y02E20/322 ,  Y02E20/344 ,  Y02E20/363

摘要： A method for generating heat energy in a power plant by burning a carbonaceous fuel in a combustion chamber of the power plant and a system for carrying out the method is described. A combustion chamber is fluidly connected to a membrane chamber that includes a membrane operating at a temperature between 600 and 1000° C. The combustion chamber receives a cleaned flue-gas oxygen mixture for combustion from the membrane chamber. Oxygen from heated air passes through the membrane in the membrane chamber to the permeate side of the membrane, where it is mixed with cleaned heated flue gas and the resulting gas mixture is fed to the combustion chamber. Flue gas removed from the combustion chamber are cooled, cleaned and heated as described herein and recirculated to the membrane chamber.

摘要翻译： 描述了通过在发电厂的燃烧室中燃烧碳质燃料而在发电厂中产生热能的方法和用于实施该方法的系统。 燃烧室流体连接到膜室，膜室包括在600至1000℃之间的温度下工作的膜。燃烧室接收清洁的烟道气氧气混合物用于从膜室燃烧。 来自加热空气的氧气通过膜室中的膜进入膜的渗透侧，在那里与净化的加热烟道气混合，并将所得气体混合物送入燃烧室。 从燃烧室中取出的烟气被冷却，清洗和加热，如本文所述，并再循环到膜室。

公开(公告)号：US08486184B2

公开(公告)日：2013-07-16

申请号：US12736015

申请日：2009-02-21

申请人： Stefan Baumann ,  Jose Manuel Serra Alfaro ,  Wilhelm Albert Meulenberg ,  Hans-Peter Buchkremer ,  Detlev Stoever

发明人： Stefan Baumann ,  Jose Manuel Serra Alfaro ,  Wilhelm Albert Meulenberg ,  Hans-Peter Buchkremer ,  Detlev Stoever

IPC分类号： B01D53/22 ,  B01D71/02

CPC分类号： B01D71/024 ,  B01D53/228 ,  B01D67/0048 ,  B01D67/0072 ,  B01D69/10 ,  B01D69/12 ,  B01D69/141 ,  B01D2323/46 ,  B01D2325/02 ,  B01D2325/04 ,  B01D2325/10 ,  B01D2325/24 ,  C01B13/0255

摘要： A composite membrane for selective gas separation, comprises a layer system having a continuously porous, mechanically stable carrier layer, which has an average pore size in the μm range, further having at least one continuously porous intermediate layer, which is disposed on the carrier layer and has an average pore size in the range of 2 to 200 nm, and further having a gastight functional layer, which is disposed on the intermediate layer and is made of a mixed-conductive material having a maximum layer thickness of 1 μm. The carrier layer comprises a structural ceramic, a metal, or a cermet and has a layer thickness of no more than 1 mm. The intermediate layer is present with a total layer thickness of no more than 100 μm and has an average pore size in the range of 10 to 100 nm. The functional layer comprises a perovskite, a fluorite, or a material having a K2NiF4 structure, such as La1-xSrxCo1-yFeyO3-8 (LSCF). The layer thickness of the functional layer is no more than 50 nm, and particularly between 25 and 400 nm. In order to produce this composite membrane, at least one porous intermediate layer is applied onto a continuously porous, mechanically stable carrier layer, which has an average pore size in the μm range, wherein the intermediate layer has an average pore size in the range of 2 to 200 nm. A further gastight, functional layer made of a mixed-conductive material and having a maximum layer thickness of 1 μm is applied onto the intermediate layer.

摘要翻译： 一种用于选择性气体分离的复合膜，包括具有连续多孔的，机械稳定的载体层的层系统，其具有在mum范围内的平均孔径，还具有至少一个连续多孔中间层，其设置在载体层 平均孔径在2〜200nm的范围内，进一步具有气密功能层，其设置在中间层上并由最大层厚度为1μm的混合导电材料制成。 载体层包括结构陶瓷，金属或金属陶瓷，并且具有不超过1mm的层厚度。 中间层的总层厚度不超过100μm，平均孔径在10〜100nm的范围内。 功能层包括钙钛矿，萤石或具有K2NiF4结构的材料，例如La1-xSrxCo1-yFeyO3-8（LSCF）。 功能层的层厚不大于50nm，特别是在25和400nm之间。 为了制造这种复合膜，至少一个多孔中间层被施加到连续多孔的，机械稳定的载体层上，该载体层的平均孔径在该范围内，其中中间层的平均孔径在 2〜200nm。 将进一步气密的由混合导电材料制成并具有最大层厚度为1μm的功能层施加到中间层上。

公开(公告)号：US20110020192A1

公开(公告)日：2011-01-27

申请号：US12736015

申请日：2009-02-21

申请人： Stefan Baumann ,  Jose Manuel Serra Alfaro ,  Wilhelm Albert Meulenberg ,  Hans-Peter Buchkremer ,  Detlev Stoever

发明人： Stefan Baumann ,  Jose Manuel Serra Alfaro ,  Wilhelm Albert Meulenberg ,  Hans-Peter Buchkremer ,  Detlev Stoever

IPC分类号： B01J35/02 ,  B01D53/22 ,  B01D71/02 ,  B05D5/00

CPC分类号： B01D71/024 ,  B01D53/228 ,  B01D67/0048 ,  B01D67/0072 ,  B01D69/10 ,  B01D69/12 ,  B01D69/141 ,  B01D2323/46 ,  B01D2325/02 ,  B01D2325/04 ,  B01D2325/10 ,  B01D2325/24 ,  C01B13/0255

摘要： The invention relates to a composite membrane for selective gas separation, comprising a layer system having a through-and-through porous, mechanically stable carrier layer, which has an average pore size in the μm range, further having at least one through-and-through porous intermediate layer, which is disposed on the carrier layer and has an average pore size in the range between 2 and 200 nm, and further having a gas-tight functional layer, which is disposed on the intermediate layer and is made of mixed-conductive material having a maximum layer thickness of 1 μm. The carrier layer comprises structural ceramics, a metal or a cermet and has a layer thickness of no more than 1 mm. The intermediate layer is present in a total layer thickness of no more than 100 μm and has an average pore size in the range of 10 and 100 nm. The functional layer comprises a perovskite, a fluorite, or a material having a K2NiF4structure, such as La1-xSrxCo1-yFeyO3-δ(LSCF). The layer thickness of the functional layer is no more than 50 nm, particularly between 25 and 400 nm. In order to produce said composite membrane, at least one porous intermediate layer is applied onto a through-and-through porous, mechanically stable carrier layer, which has an average pore size in the μm range, said intermediate layer having an average pore size in the range between 2 and 200 nm. A further gas-tight, functional layer made of a mixed-conductive material and having a maximum layer thickness of 1 μm is applied onto said intermediate layer.

摘要翻译： 本发明涉及一种用于选择性气体分离的复合膜，包括具有通孔多孔机械稳定载体层的层系统，其具有μm范围内的平均孔径，还具有至少一个通孔， 通过多孔中间层，其设置在载体层上，平均孔径在2〜200nm的范围内，并且还具有气密功能层，其设置在中间层上， 导电材料的最大层厚度为1μm。 载体层包括结构陶瓷，金属或金属陶瓷，层厚度不大于1mm。 中间层的总层厚不超过100μm，平均孔径在10和100nm的范围内。 功能层包括钙钛矿，萤石或具有K2NiF4结构的材料，例如La1-xSrxCo1-yFeyO3-δ（LSCF）。 功能层的层厚不大于50nm，特别是在25和400nm之间。 为了制造所述复合膜，将至少一个多孔中间层施加到通孔多孔的，机械稳定的载体层上，其平均孔径在μm范围内，所述中间层的平均孔径为 范围在2到200 nm之间。 将由混合导电材料制成并且具有最大层厚度为1μm的另外的气密功能层施加到所述中间层上。

公开(公告)号：US07175931B2

公开(公告)日：2007-02-13

申请号：US10297281

申请日：2001-05-19

申请人： Peter Batfalsky ,  Wilhelm Albert Meulenberg ,  Lambertus Gerardus Johannes De Haart

发明人： Peter Batfalsky ,  Wilhelm Albert Meulenberg ,  Lambertus Gerardus Johannes De Haart

IPC分类号： H01M8/02 ,  H01M8/12 ,  H01M8/24

CPC分类号： H01M8/0247 ,  H01M8/0206 ,  H01M8/0228 ,  H01M8/0232 ,  H01M8/2404 ,  H01M8/2425 ,  H01M8/2432 ,  H01M2008/1293 ,  Y02P70/56

摘要： The invention relates to a device for electrically contacting electrodes in high-temperature fuel cells. The inventive device is characterized by an interconnector plate with openings and contact elements, which are located therein and which are provided for electrically contacting electrodes. The contact elements protrude from both sides of the interconnector plate at a predetermined height, and the openings are sealed in a gas-tight manner.

摘要翻译： 本发明涉及一种用于在高温燃料电池中电接触电极的装置。 本发明的装置的特征在于具有开口和接触元件的互连板，它们位于其中并且被设置用于电接触电极。 接触元件以预定高度从互连板的两侧突出，并且以气密方式密封开口。

公开(公告)号：US20090266237A1

公开(公告)日：2009-10-29

申请号：US11887816

申请日：2006-04-01

申请人： Jose Manuel Serra Alfaro ,  George Johannes Wilhelmus Van Der Donk ,  Wilhelm Albert Meulenberg ,  Detlev Stover ,  Hermann Gies

发明人： Jose Manuel Serra Alfaro ,  George Johannes Wilhelmus Van Der Donk ,  Wilhelm Albert Meulenberg ,  Detlev Stover ,  Hermann Gies

IPC分类号： B01D53/02 ,  B05D5/00

CPC分类号： B01D71/028 ,  B01D53/228 ,  B01D67/0051 ,  B01D67/0083 ,  B01D69/10 ,  B01D2257/504 ,  B01D2323/24 ,  B01D2325/02 ,  B01D2325/04 ,  B01D2325/22 ,  Y02C10/10

摘要： The invention relates to a method for the hydrothermal production of a microporous membrane. According to said method, a colloidal solution comprising zeolite frameworks with 4-ring, 6-ring, and/or 8-ring pores which are provided as crystallites whose size ranges from 2 to 25 nm is applied to a porous substrate with the aid of a wet application technique. The applied layer is contacted with a hydrothermal liquid, and a nanocrystalline, microporous zeolite layer having an average pore diameter of 0.2 to 0.45 nm is synthesized at temperatures ranging between 50 and 250° C. and at an autogenous pressure. Such a microporous membrane comprising a porous substrate and at least one nanocrystalline zeolite layer that is disposed thereupon and has an average pore diameter of 0.2 to 0.45 nm is advantageously suitable for use as a separating device for gas phase separation, making it possible to separate particularly N2O2, N2/CO2, H2/CO2, or CO2/CH4 gas mixtures. Said separating device is especially temperature-resistant and can therefore be integrated directly into thermal processes.

摘要翻译： 本发明涉及微孔膜的水热生产方法。 根据所述方法，将包含沸石骨架的胶体溶液施加到多孔基材上，所述沸石框架具有4-环，6-环和/或8-环孔，所述微孔的尺寸范围为2至25nm， 湿法应用技术。 将施加的层与水热液体接触，并且在50-250℃的温度和自生压力下合成平均孔径为0.2至0.45nm的纳米晶体，微孔沸石层。 这种微孔膜包含多孔基底和至少一个布置在其上并具有0.2至0.45nm的平均孔径的纳米晶体沸石层有利地适合用作气相分离的分离装置，使得可以特别地分离 N2O2，N2 / CO2，H2 / CO2或CO2 / CH4气体混合物。 所述分离装置特别耐温，因此可直接集成到热处理中。

公开(公告)号：US20130216938A1

公开(公告)日：2013-08-22

申请号：US13810296

申请日：2011-06-28

申请人： Wilhelm Albert Meulenberg ,  Mariya Ivanova ,  Hans Peter Buchkremer ,  Detlev Stoever ,  Jose Manuel Serra Alfaro ,  Sonia Escolastico

发明人： Wilhelm Albert Meulenberg ,  Mariya Ivanova ,  Hans Peter Buchkremer ,  Detlev Stoever ,  Jose Manuel Serra Alfaro ,  Sonia Escolastico

IPC分类号： H01M8/10 ,  B01D53/22

CPC分类号： H01M8/1016 ,  B01D53/228 ,  B01D67/0048 ,  B01D71/024 ,  B01D2323/12 ,  C01B3/503 ,  C01B2203/0283 ,  C01B2203/0405 ,  C01B2203/047 ,  C01B2203/0475 ,  C01B2203/0495 ,  C01G41/00 ,  C01G41/006 ,  C01P2002/52 ,  C01P2002/54 ,  C01P2002/72 ,  C01P2006/40 ,  C04B35/01 ,  C04B35/495 ,  C04B35/50 ,  H01M8/1246 ,  H01M2300/0074 ,  Y02E60/525 ,  Y02P70/56

摘要： The material according to the invention is based on a material having the composition Ln6WO12 with a defect fluorite structure in which the cations, at least partially, have been substituted in a defined manner in the A and/or B position. It has the following composition: Ln1-xAx)6(W1-yBy)zO12-δ where Ln=an element from the group (La, Pr, Nd, Sm), A=at least one element from the group (La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Eu, Gd, Tb, Er, Yb, Ca, Mg, Sr, Ba, Th, In, Pb), B=at least one element from the group (Mo, Re, U, Cr, Nb), 0≦x≦0.7 and 0≦y≦0.5, wherein, however, either x or y>0, 1.00≦z≦1.25 and 0≦δ≦0.3. The mixed proton-electron conducting material exhibits an improved mixed conductivity, good chemical stability as well as good sintering properties, and can be used in particular as a material for a hydrogen-separating membrane or as a electrolyte at higher temperatures.

摘要翻译： 根据本发明的材料基于具有缺陷萤石结构的组成为Ln6WO12的材料，其中阳离子至少部分地以限定的方式在A和/或B位置被取代。 它具有以下组成：Ln1-xAx）6（W1-yBy）zO12-delta其中Ln =来自基团的元素（La，Pr，Nd，Sm），A =至少一种元素（La，Ce ，Pr，Nd，Eu，Gd，Tb，Er，Yb，Ca，Mg，Sr，Ba，Th，In，Pb），B =至少一种元素（Mo，Re，U，Cr，Nb） ，0 @ x @ 0.7和0 @ y @ 0.5，其中，然而，x或y> 0，1.00 @ z @ 1.25和0 @ 混合的质子 - 电子导电材料具有改进的混合导电性，良好的化学稳定性以及良好的烧结性能，并且特别可用作氢分离膜或更高温度下的电解质的材料。