摘要:
Methods of manufacturing optical elements such as diffraction type lenses, aspherical lenses and diffraction gratings are disclosed. Deposited on a glass substrate is a workpiece film made of a material which can be machined much more easily than the substrate. Then the workpiece film is machined to form a predetermined shape or contour therein. After forming the predetermined shape or contour in the workpiece film, the workpiece film and substrate are subjected to etching to duplicate the predetermined shape or contour formed in the workpiece film into the substrate.
摘要:
An illumination optical system for cutting infrared light by a relief type optical element includes a light source and a relief type diffraction optical element having a rectangular sectional-shaped grating having an equal area of land and groove areas so that primarily zero order light can be used for illumination while higher order and infrared light may be filtered out. A relief pattern has characteristics such that a ratio .beta. of a width of a plurality of respective concave portions to a pitch of adjacent convex portions is in a range of 0.34.ltoreq..beta..ltoreq.0.66 and a groove depth d is in a range of 0.85 d.sub.0 .ltoreq.d.ltoreq.1.09 d.sub.0. Excessive heat from infrared light and higher order light may be eliminated without the use of an infrared cutter.
摘要:
An illuminating optical system for use in a projection exposure device with high utilization efficiency of the light from the light source and capable of easily realizing with simple construction is disclosed. The system comprises a light source, a light flux separating optical system for separating a light flux from the light source, a condenser optical system for leading the light flux separated by the light flux separating optical system on a reticle, and a diffraction optical unit included in the light flux separating optical system and having a linear grating pattern for separating the light flux from the light source into four.
摘要:
An illuminating optical system for use in a projection exposure device with high utilization efficiency of the light from the light source and capable of easily realizing with simple construction is disclosed. The system comprises a light source, a light flux separating optical system for separating a light flux from the light source, a condenser optical system for leading the light flux separated by the light flux separating optical system on a reticle, and a diffraction optical unit included in the light flux separating optical system and having a linear grating pattern for separating the light flux from the light source into four.
摘要:
A method of manufacturing a die for optical elements having a given construction on a relief type grating or the like is disclosed. The method includes the steps of: forming a workpiece film on a substrate; machining the workpiece film in a required configuration; subjecting the workpiece film machined in the required form and the substrate to etching to transfer the configuration of the workpiece film on the substrate analogously in the depth direction; and forming a die by using the etched substrate as a master matrix.
摘要:
A method for producing a circuitry includes steps of providing first coordinate data of at least one of positions, shapes and intervals of patterns of a first circuit, and jetting droplets of molten metal on a substrate so as to form the first circuit based on the coordinate data.
摘要:
The invention is to offer a fuse and a fuse production method excellent in reducing manufacturing cost. A fuse having an electrically conductive fuse element. The fuse element has a pair of terminal connection portions and a fusible member for electrically connecting the terminal connection portions to each other and for being fused and broken when an overload electric current flows. At least a part of the fusible portion is formed by spouting or dropping the melting metal drops.
摘要:
A switch assembly for a vehicle includes a stalk and a rotary switch. The stalk is fixed at one end to a steering column. The rotary switch is connected at one end to the other end of the stalk. The rotary switch is rotatable about a pivot axis normal to the other end of the stalk for switching between different rotary switch positions each associated with a respective vehicle control function. A rotatable knob may be connected to the other end of the rotary switch. The rotatable knob is rotatable about a rotational axis normal to the pivot axis of the rotary switch for switching between different rotatable knob positions each associated with a respective vehicle control function. The rotary switch may include control buttons each associated with a respective vehicle control function.
摘要:
The apparatus forms an electric circuit on a construction member of a machine based on a set of three-dimensional data. The data defines a position and a profile of the construction member, a position of the electric circuit, and a shape of the electric circuit. The electric circuit is used for electrical connection between electric instruments mounted on the machine. The data is associated with a reference coordinate system provided in the machine, and the data includes coordinates of points for determining arrangement of the electric circuit, a distance between any two of the points adjacent to each other, and a cross-sectional area of the electric circuit associated extended between the two points. The apparatus has a storage means for storing the data, a jet means for jetting a molten metal, a first transfer means for moving the construction member relative to the jet means, and a control means for jetting the molten metal against the construction member to deposit the molten metal and for controlling the relative movement between the construction member and the jet means based on the data. The jet means can jet the molten metal against the construction member so that the molten metal can be deposited on a surface of the construction member to form the electric circuit on the construction member.
摘要:
It is an object of the present invention to provide a surface protective sheet and a method for grinding a semiconductor wafer, by the use of which any dimple is not formed, nor occurs breakage and fouling of a wafer even when a wafer having high bumps which are highly densely arranged is ground to an extremely small thickness, and besides, no adhesive is left at the roots of the bumps after the surface protective sheet is peeled. The surface protective sheet of the invention is used for grinding a back surface of a semiconductor wafer, and in the surface protective sheet, one surface of a base sheet is provided with an opening portion having a diameter smaller than an outer diameter of a semiconductor wafer to be stuck, on said opening portion no adhesive layer being formed, and a portion which is provided around the opening portion and on which an adhesive layer is formed.