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公开(公告)号：US09048950B2
公开(公告)日：2015-06-02
申请号：US12915506
申请日：2010-10-29
IPC分类号： H04B10/00 , H04B10/112
CPC分类号： H04B10/1121 , H04B10/613
摘要： An approach is provided that uses diversity to compensate fading of free-space optical (FSO) signals propagating through an environment characterized by atmospheric scintillation. One embodiment involves collecting at least one FSO beam, demultiplexing the beam by wavelength into at least two sub-beams, detecting each sub-beam to produce an electrical output therefrom, and recovering a signal using complementary information from at least two of the electrical outputs. Another embodiment involves collecting the FSO beam onto an array of spatially separated sub-apertures, detecting the light entering each sub-aperture to produce an electrical output therefrom, and recovering a signal using complementary information from at least two of the electrical outputs. This second embodiment enables both electronic adaptive processing to coherently integrate across the sub-apertures and in the case of multiple transmit apertures a free space optical Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) system.
摘要翻译： 提供了一种使用分集来补偿通过大气闪烁特征的环境传播的自由空间光（FSO）信号的衰落的方法。 一个实施例涉及收集至少一个FSO波束，通过波长将光束解复用为至少两个子波束，检测每个子波束以产生电输出，以及使用来自至少两个电输出的补充信息来恢复信号 。 另一个实施例涉及将FSO光束收集到空间上分离的子孔径阵列上，检测进入每个子孔径的光以产生其电输出，以及使用来自至少两个电输出的补充信息来恢复信号。 该第二实施例使得电子自适应处理能够在子孔径之间相干地集成，并且在多个发射孔径的情况下使得自由空间光学多输入多输出（MIMO）系统。
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公开(公告)号：US20120008961A1
公开(公告)日：2012-01-12
申请号：US12915506
申请日：2010-10-29
IPC分类号： H04B10/00
CPC分类号： H04B10/1121 , H04B10/613
摘要： An approach is provided that uses diversity to compensate fading of free-space optical (FSO) signals propagating through an environment characterized by atmospheric scintillation. One embodiment involves collecting at least one FSO beam, demultiplexing the beam by wavelength into at least two sub-beams, detecting each sub-beam to produce an electrical output therefrom, and recovering a signal using complementary information from at least two of the electrical outputs. Another embodiment involves collecting the FSO beam onto an array of spatially separated sub-apertures, detecting the light entering each sub-aperture to produce an electrical output therefrom, and recovering a signal using complementary information from at least two of the electrical outputs. This second embodiment enables both electronic adaptive processing to coherently integrate across the sub-apertures and in the case of multiple transmit apertures a free space optical Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) system.
摘要翻译： 提供了一种使用分集来补偿通过大气闪烁特征的环境传播的自由空间光（FSO）信号的衰落的方法。 一个实施例涉及收集至少一个FSO波束，通过波长将光束解复用为至少两个子波束，检测每个子波束以产生电输出，以及使用来自至少两个电输出的补充信息来恢复信号 。 另一个实施例涉及将FSO光束收集到空间上分离的子孔径阵列上，检测进入每个子孔径的光以产生其电输出，以及使用来自至少两个电输出的补充信息来恢复信号。 该第二实施例使得电子自适应处理能够在子孔径之间相干地集成，并且在多个发射孔径的情况下使得自由空间光学多输入多输出（MIMO）系统。
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公开(公告)号：US07610015B2
公开(公告)日：2009-10-27
申请号：US10955717
申请日：2004-09-30
申请人： Alex Pidwerbetsky
发明人： Alex Pidwerbetsky
IPC分类号： H04B7/00
CPC分类号： H04Q9/00
摘要： A method is provided for increasing the effective transmission range for ones of a plurality of low-power transmitters arranged in an array. In particular, the low-power transmitters are arranged to simultaneously transmit a common information stream, and the transmitters are caused to transmit in a coherent manner. The resultant transmitted energy, as received at a receiver established to receive such transmissions, is thereby increased as a function of the number of operating transmitters.
摘要翻译： 提供了一种用于增加布置在阵列中的多个低功率发射机中的一个的有效传输范围的方法。 特别地，低功率发射机被布置为同时发送公共信息流，并且使发射机以连贯的方式发射。 因此，在接收这种传输的建立的接收机处接收到的结果发送的能量随着操作发射机的数量的增加而增加。
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公开(公告)号：US20060068705A1
公开(公告)日：2006-03-30
申请号：US10955717
申请日：2004-09-30
申请人： Alex Pidwerbetsky
发明人： Alex Pidwerbetsky
IPC分类号： H04B1/04
CPC分类号： H04Q9/00
摘要： A method is provided for increasing the effective transmission range for ones of a plurality of low-power transmitters arranged in an array. In particular, the low-power transmitters are arranged to simultaneously transmit a common information stream, and the transmitters are caused to transmit in a coherent manner. The resultant transmitted energy, as received at a receiver established to receive such transmissions, is thereby increased as a function of the number of operating transmitters.
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公开(公告)号：US07009565B2
公开(公告)日：2006-03-07
申请号：US10903993
申请日：2004-07-30
IPC分类号： H01Q1/38
CPC分类号： H01Q9/0485 , H01Q1/243 , H01Q1/38
摘要： An antenna comprises a resonator and a waveguide. The resonator comprises at least one body having a negative effective electrical permittivity or a negative magnetic permeability when a resonance is excited therein by electromagnetic radiation lying in some portion of the microwave spectrum. A termination of the waveguide is situated adjacent the resonator. The resonator is conformed such that at the resonance, there is efficient coupling between the resonator and the waveguide.
摘要翻译： 天线包括谐振器和波导。 谐振器包括至少一个具有负有效介电常数或负磁导率的主体，当通过位于微波频谱的某些部分的电磁辐射激发谐振时，该谐振被激励。 波导的终端位于谐振器附近。 谐振器是一致的，使得在共振时，共振器和波导之间有有效的耦合。
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公开(公告)号：US20060022875A1
公开(公告)日：2006-02-02
申请号：US10903993
申请日：2004-07-30
申请人： Alex Pidwerbetsky , Howard Stuart
发明人： Alex Pidwerbetsky , Howard Stuart
IPC分类号： H01Q1/38
CPC分类号： H01Q9/0485 , H01Q1/243 , H01Q1/38
摘要： An antenna comprises a resonator and a waveguide. The resonator comprises at least one body having a negative effective electrical permittivity or a negative magnetic permeability when a resonance is excited therein by electromagnetic radiation lying in some portion of the microwave spectrum. A termination of the waveguide is situated adjacent the resonator. The resonator is conformed such that at the resonance, there is efficient coupling between the resonator and the waveguide.
摘要翻译： 天线包括谐振器和波导。 谐振器包括至少一个具有负有效介电常数或负磁导率的主体，当通过位于微波频谱的某些部分的电磁辐射激发谐振时，该谐振被激励。 波导的终端位于谐振器附近。 谐振器是一致的，使得在共振时，共振器和波导之间有有效的耦合。
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7.发明授权Method and apparatus for transmitting and receiving phase-controlled radiofrequency signals 有权用于发送和接收相位控制的射频信号的方法和装置公开(公告)号：US08610625B2
公开(公告)日：2013-12-17
申请号：US12975485
申请日：2010-12-22
CPC分类号： H01Q3/22 , H01Q3/2676 , H01Q3/2682
摘要： A method of beamforming a radiofrequency array having multiple antenna elements is provided. The method includes transmitting two or more sub-beams of a modulated light beam through a switched fabric, using wavelength switching to designate a respective path through the switched fabric for each sub-beam, and converting each sub-beam to a driving signal for one or more of the antenna elements or to a received signal from one or more of the antenna elements. Each path through the switched fabric has a selected cumulative true time delay.
摘要翻译： 提供了一种对具有多个天线元件的射频阵列进行波束成形的方法。 该方法包括通过交换结构传输调制光束的两个或更多子子束，使用波长切换来为每个子光束指定通过交换结构的相应路径，并将每个子光束转换为一个驱动信号 或更多的天线元件或来自一个或多个天线元件的接收信号。 通过交换结构的每个路径都具有选定的累积真实时间延迟。
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公开(公告)号：US08081131B2
公开(公告)日：2011-12-20
申请号：US12236598
申请日：2008-09-24
IPC分类号： H01Q9/28
摘要： In one embodiment, the present invention is a dual-polarized antenna array constructed from first and second instances of a planar antenna that are co-located and orthogonal to one another. The planar antenna comprises three conducting elements and a transmission line. The first conducting element comprises a straight segment and two arms of equal length. The proximal ends of the two arms are attached to opposite ends of the straight segment. The arms extend away from the second and third conducting elements and towards one another. The second and third conducting elements are separated by a gap and together form a mirror image of the first conducting element. The transmission line has first and second conductors that are coupled to the second and third conducting elements, respectively. In another embodiment, the present invention is a tri-polarized antenna array constructed from three orthogonal co-located instances of the planar antenna.
摘要翻译： 在一个实施例中，本发明是由彼此共同定位并且彼此正交的平面天线的第一和第二实例构成的双极化天线阵列。 平面天线包括三个导电元件和传输线。 第一导电元件包括直段和两臂等长。 两个臂的近端附接到直线段的相对端。 臂从第二和第三导电元件并且彼此朝向彼此延伸。 第二和第三导电元件被间隙隔开并一起形成第一导电元件的镜像。 传输线具有分别耦合到第二和第三导电元件的第一和第二导体。 在另一个实施例中，本发明是由平面天线的三个正交共位实例构成的三极化天线阵列。
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公开(公告)号：US6084530A
公开(公告)日：2000-07-04
申请号：US777771
申请日：1996-12-30
CPC分类号： G06K7/10069 , G01S13/825 , G06K7/0008 , A61B5/0002 , A61B5/024 , A61B5/7257 , G01S13/756
摘要： A radio communication system includes an Interrogator for generating and transmitting a radio signal. One or more Tags contained within the radio communication system receive the radio signal. A Backscatter Modulator modulates the reflection of the radio signal using a subcarrier signal, thereby forming a reflected modulated signal. The Interrogator receives and demodulates the reflected modulated signal. Based upon the characteristics of the demodulated signal, the Interrogator can determine the identity of the Tag, and the relative velocity of the Tag with respect to the Interrogator. The Interrogator can also determine if motion exists in the vicinity of the Interrogator, even when no Tag is present, without the need for a separate motion detection system. The characteristics of the demodulated signal, can also be used to determine the characteristics of motion of the Tag, such as the vibrational frequency. Alternate embodiments allow the Interrogator to transmit a first information signal to one or more tags, specifying which Tags should respond using Modulated Backscatter, so that the characteristics of only particular Tags can be determined. Further alternate embodiments allow the Tag to input analog data, and perform analog to digital conversion of that data. This data may be then transmitted to the Interrogator using Modulated Backscatter. Alternately, this data may be used as input to calculations performed in the Tag in order to analyze the frequency characteristics of the analog input. The Tag can also, based upon the results of these calculations, identify an abnormal condition and notify the Interrogator of the existence of such a condition.
摘要翻译： 无线电通信系统包括用于产生和发送无线电信号的询问器。 无线电通信系统中包含的一个或多个标签接收无线电信号。 后向散射调制器使用副载波信号调制无线电信号的反射，从而形成反射调制信号。 询问器接收并解调反射的调制信号。 基于解调信号的特性，询问器可以确定标签的标识以及标签相对于询问器的相对速度。 即使没有标签存在，询问器也可以确定询问器附近是否存在运动，而不需要单独的运动检测系统。 解调信号的特点，也可用于确定标签的运动特性，如振动频率。 替代实施例允许询问器将第一信息信号发送到一个或多个标签，指定哪个标签应使用调制后向散射来响应，使得仅可以确定特定标签的特性。 另外的替代实施例允许标签输入模拟数据，并执行该数据的模数转换。 然后可以使用调制后向散射将该数据发送到询问器。 或者，该数据可以用作在标签中执行的计算的输入，以分析模拟输入的频率特性。 标签还可以根据这些计算的结果识别异常情况，并通知询问者存在这种情况。
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10.发明申请公开(公告)号：US20120162011A1
公开(公告)日：2012-06-28
申请号：US12975485
申请日：2010-12-22
IPC分类号： H01Q3/22
CPC分类号： H01Q3/22 , H01Q3/2676 , H01Q3/2682
摘要： A method of beamforming a radiofrequency array having multiple antenna elements is provided. The method includes transmitting two or more sub-beams of a modulated light beam through a switched fabric, using wavelength switching to designate a respective path through the switched fabric for each sub-beam, and converting each sub-beam to a driving signal for one or more of the antenna elements or to a received signal from one or more of the antenna elements. Each path through the switched fabric has a selected cumulative true time delay.
摘要翻译： 提供了一种对具有多个天线元件的射频阵列进行波束成形的方法。 该方法包括通过交换结构传输调制光束的两个或更多子子束，使用波长切换来为每个子光束指定通过交换结构的相应路径，并将每个子光束转换为一个驱动信号 或更多的天线元件或来自一个或多个天线元件的接收信号。 通过交换结构的每个路径都具有选定的累积真实时间延迟。
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