摘要:
Fabrication of a photonic crystal is described. A patterned array of nanowires is formed, the nanowires extending outward from a surface, the nanowires comprising a catalytically grown nanowire material. Spaces between the nanowires are filled with a slab material, the patterned array of nanowires defining a patterned array of channels in the slab material. The nanowire material is then removed from the channels.
摘要:
A NERS-active structure includes a deformable, active nanoparticle support structure for supporting a first nanoparticle and a second nanoparticle that is disposed proximate the first nanoparticle. The nanoparticles each comprise a NERS-active material. The deformable, active nanoparticle support structure is configured to vary the distance between the first nanoparticle and the second nanoparticle while performing NERS. Various active nanoparticle support structures are disclosed. A NERS system includes such a NERS-active structure, a radiation source for generating radiation scatterable by an analyte located proximate the NERS-active structure, and a radiation detector for detecting Raman scattered radiation scattered by the analyte. A method for performing NERS includes providing such a NERS-active structure, providing an analyte at a location proximate the NERS-active structure, irradiating the NERS-active structure and the analyte with radiation, varying the distance between the nanoparticles, and detecting Raman scattered radiation scattered by the analyte.
摘要:
An apparatus for sensing at least one property of a fluid is described. A first photonic crystal structure and a second photonic crystal structure are defined in a dielectric slab. The first and second photonic crystal structures comprise differently patterned arrays of channels extending through the dielectric slab. The apparatus further comprises a fluid introduction device configured to introduce a common volume of the fluid into the channels of the first and second photonic crystal structures. The at least one property of the fluid can be sensed by measuring the propagation of radiation through the first and second photonic crystal structures.
摘要:
A switching device includes at least one bottom electrode and at least one top electrode. The top electrode crosses the bottom electrode at a non-zero angle, thereby forming a junction. A metal oxide layer is established on at least one of the bottom electrode or the top electrode. A molecular layer including a monolayer of organic molecules and a source of water molecules is established in the junction. Upon introduction of a forward bias, the molecular layer facilitates a redox reaction between the electrodes, thereby reducing a tunneling gap between the electrodes.
摘要:
Embodiments of the present invention are related to nanowire-based devices that can be configured and operated as modulators, chemical sensors, and light-detection devices. In one aspect, a nanowire-based device includes a reflective member, a resonant cavity surrounded by at least a portion of the reflective member, and at least one nanowire disposed within the resonant cavity. The nanowire includes at least one active segment selectively disposed along the length of the nanowire to substantially coincide with at least one antinode of light resonating within the cavity. The active segment can be configured to interact with the light resonating within the cavity.
摘要:
Embodiments of the present invention are related to nanowire-based devices that can be configured and operated as modulators, chemical sensors, and light-detection devices. In one aspect, a nanowire-based device includes a reflective member, a resonant cavity surrounded by at least a portion of the reflective member, and at least one nanowire disposed within the resonant cavity. The nanowire includes at least one active segment selectively disposed along the length of the nanowire to substantially coincide with at least one antinode of light resonating within the cavity. The active segment can be configured to interact with the light resonating within the cavity.
摘要:
A method of forming a plurality of NERS-active structures is disclosed. Particularly, a substrate having a surface and a liquid including nanoparticles is deposited on at least a portion of the surface of the substrate. At least one electric field may be generated proximate to the surface and at least a portion of the nanoparticles may be arranged via the electric field. A system includes at least two electrodes configured for producing at least one electric field for substantially arranging nanoparticles substantially according to a selected pattern. A NERS-active structure includes a substrate and a plurality of features located at predetermined positions on a surface of the substrate and at least one NERS-active nanoparticle at least partially embedded therein.
摘要:
Controlling the propagation of electromagnetic radiation is described. A photonic bandgap medium is placed in the path of the electromagnetic radiation, the photonic bandgap medium comprising a photorefractive material. Control radiation is projected onto a surface of the photonic bandgap medium. The control radiation spatially varies a refractive index of the photorefractive material to control propagation of the electromagnetic radiation through the photonic bandgap medium.
摘要:
Nanowire-based opto-electronic devices including nanowire lasers, photodetectors and semiconductor optical amplifiers are disclosed. The devices include nanowires grown from single crystal and/or non-single surfaces. The semiconductor optical amplifiers include nanowire arrays that act as ballast lasers to amplify a signal carried by a signal waveguide. Embodiments of the nanowire lasers and photodetectors include horizontal and vertical nanowires that can provide different polarizations.
摘要:
An apparatus for controlling propagation of incident electromagnetic radiation is described, comprising a composite material having electromagnetically reactive cells of small dimension relative to a wavelength of the incident electromagnetic radiation. At least one of a capacitive and inductive property of at least one of the electromagnetically reactive cells is temporally controllable to allow temporal control of an associated effective refractive index encountered by the incident electromagnetic radiation while propagating through the composite material.