公开(公告)号：US5094727A

公开(公告)日：1992-03-10

申请号：US691629

申请日：1991-04-25

申请人： Thomas Schwarz ,  Ullrich Bayer ,  Kerstin Haupt ,  Juergen Schmidt ,  Thomas Furche

发明人： Thomas Schwarz ,  Ullrich Bayer ,  Kerstin Haupt ,  Juergen Schmidt ,  Thomas Furche

IPC分类号： C25D11/04 ,  C25D11/14

CPC分类号： C25D11/026 ,  C25D11/04 ,  C25D11/14

摘要： By means of an electrolyte free of ammonia, cyanide, and fluoride, hence low in harmful substances and inoffensive to the environment, optically black coatings having a thickness of less than 10 microns and substantially equal optical absorption and thermal emission capability can be produced on light metals or alloys thereof by spark discharge anodizing. In comparison with prior art conversion coatings obtained by spark discharge anodizing, the coatings produced with this electrolyte have a substantially lower roughness of this electrolyte in spark discharge anodizing provides an alternative mode of coating particularly for structural components or subassemblies of complicated shapes having greater requirements for accuracy to gauge.

摘要翻译： 通过不含氨，氰化物和氟化物的电解质，因此有害物质低，对环境无害，可以在光照下产生厚度小于10微米，光学吸收和热发射能力基本相等的光学黑色涂层 金属或其合金通过火花放电阳极氧化。 与通过火花放电阳极氧化获得的现有技术的转化涂层相比，用电解质生产的涂层在火花放电中具有基本上较低的这种电解质的粗糙度阳极氧化提供了替代的涂层模式，特别是对于具有更大要求的复杂形状的结构部件或子组件 测量精度。

公开(公告)号：US4930878A

公开(公告)日：1990-06-05

申请号：US247022

申请日：1988-09-20

申请人： Joachim Bergner ,  Rainer Danz ,  Hartmut Heinz

发明人： Joachim Bergner ,  Rainer Danz ,  Hartmut Heinz

IPC分类号： G02B5/04 ,  G02B5/30 ,  G02B26/00

CPC分类号： G02B5/3083 ,  G02B26/00 ,  G02B5/04

摘要： An achromatic phase retarder comprises at least one prismatic body with two total reflection surfaces. The light entry surface forms an angle of incidence .alpha., which is different from 90.degree., with the direction of incidence of a light beam, and a first total reflection surface forms a defined angle .phi. with the light entry surface.

摘要翻译： 消色差相位延迟器包括至少一个具有两个全反射面的棱镜体。 光入射表面与光束的入射方向形成与90°不同的入射角α，并且第一全反射表面与光入射表面形成限定的角度phi。

公开(公告)号：US4869590A

公开(公告)日：1989-09-26

申请号：US850317

申请日：1986-04-10

申请人： Wieland Feist ,  Klaus Gurtler ,  Jost Schuler

发明人： Wieland Feist ,  Klaus Gurtler ,  Jost Schuler

IPC分类号： G01C5/00 ,  G01C5/02 ,  G01C9/06

CPC分类号： G01C9/06 ,  G01C5/02

摘要： The invention relates to a geodetic instrument with a telescope, an objective with a reticle in the focal plane, a clinometer and optoelectronic elements with the objective of avoiding faulty measurements due to a vibrating or oscillating target image, as well as of avoiding hanging or sticking of the pendulum and of achieving a higher measuring accuracy and of facilitating the reading of the pole. The invention is applicable particularly for compensator levels. Its task is to provide the fundamentals for an automated compensator level through the use of optoelectronic components and microprocessors and to carry out measurements on an oscillating substratum. This is accomplished owing to the fact that a luminous area or a light spot is controlled by a clinometer and located in its position by an optoelectronic receiver, and that an electric signal is generated, which triggers the display of a division mark, a pointer or its image in the image field of telescope objective, the straight line connecting the principal point of the objective and the display representing the position of the visual axis of the telescope.

摘要翻译： 本发明涉及一种具有望远镜的大地测量仪器，在焦平面上具有光罩的物镜，测光计和光电元件，目的是避免由于振动或振荡目标图像导致的错误测量，以及避免悬挂或粘贴 的摆锤，并实现更高的测量精度和便于阅读杆。 本发明特别适用于补偿器级别。 其任务是通过使用光电子元件和微处理器为自动补偿器级别提供基础知识，并对振荡基底进行测量。 这是由于发光区域或光点由测光计控制并且通过光电接收器位于其位置的事实而实现的，并且产生电信号，触发显示分割标记，指针或 其在望远镜物镜的图像场中的图像，连接物镜主点的直线和表示望远镜视轴位置的显示器。

公开(公告)号：US4826318A

公开(公告)日：1989-05-02

申请号：US74746

申请日：1987-07-17

申请人： Horst Guenther ,  Wolfgang Foest ,  Klaus Eichardt

发明人： Horst Guenther ,  Wolfgang Foest ,  Klaus Eichardt

IPC分类号： G01N21/74

CPC分类号： G01N21/74

摘要： In an apparatus for electrothermal atomization, which can be used for flameless atomic absorption spectroscopy as well as for flameless atomic emission spectroscopy, a platform positioned in a graphite tube is divided into two functional axially adjacent. One of the regions serves as the holding part and the other serves as the sample-carrying part. The holding part is mounted in the area of one of the tube ends and the sample-carrying part protrudes unsupported into the interior of the tube.

摘要翻译： 在可以用于无焰原子吸收光谱法和无焰原子发射光谱法的电热雾化装置中，位于石墨管中的平台被分成两个功能轴向相邻。 其中一个区域用作保持部分，另一个用作采样部分。 保持部件安装在管端部之一的区域中，并且样品承载部分未被支撑到管的内部。

公开(公告)号：US4735487A

公开(公告)日：1988-04-05

申请号：US797349

申请日：1985-11-12

申请人： Gunter Thorwirth ,  Detlef Biernat ,  Gerhard Kuehn

发明人： Gunter Thorwirth ,  Detlef Biernat ,  Gerhard Kuehn

IPC分类号： G06K9/82 ,  G01N33/48 ,  G02B27/46 ,  G06K9/74

CPC分类号： G02B27/46 ,  G06K9/74

摘要： An apparatus for analyzing two-dimensional input objects comprising an illumination system including a lighting unit, a Fourier transform module and a receiver unit. The lighting unit generates an incoherent illuminating beam of predetermined form and area, for what purpose the lighting unit may include a self-luminous mask or an incoherently illuminated mask. A receiver unit comprises a single detector which is arranged in the optical axis of the Fourier transform plane of the Fourier transform module. The exit of the lighting unit is located on the optical axis and is imaged by the subsequent imaging optical elements (inclusive of the Fourier transform module) at the Fourier transform plane of the Fourier transform module.

摘要翻译： 一种用于分析二维输入物体的装置，包括包括照明单元，傅里叶变换模块和接收器单元的照明系统。 照明单元产生预定形式和面积的非相干照明光束，为什么照明单元可以包括自发光掩模或不相干照明的掩模。 接收机单元包括布置在傅里叶变换模块的傅立叶变换平面的光轴上的单个检测器。 照明单元的出口位于光轴上，并且通过傅立叶变换模块的傅立叶变换平面处的随后的成像光学元件（包括傅立叶变换模块）成像。

公开(公告)号：US4734724A

公开(公告)日：1988-03-29

申请号：US899194

申请日：1986-08-22

申请人： Thomas Braunschweig ,  Bernard Beck ,  Norbert Diete

发明人： Thomas Braunschweig ,  Bernard Beck ,  Norbert Diete

IPC分类号： G01C11/02 ,  G03B37/04 ,  G03B39/00

CPC分类号： G01C11/02 ,  G03B37/04

摘要： A method and an arrangement for the automatic control of aerial photography cameras, in which a lens portrays the terrain overflown on a projected area, at least two photodetector rows being disposed on the projected area perpendicularly to the direction of motion of the terrain image and the direction and speed of motion of the terrain image on the projected area, the drift and the v.sub.g /h.sub.g ratio being determined from the signals of the photodetector. The method eliminating errors in the determination of v.sub.g /h.sub.g and drift, which are caused by tilts (.omega.) about the aircraft longitudinal and lateral (.psi.) axes. For this purpose the tilt (.omega., .psi.) of the aircraft is determined simultaneously with reading the photodetector rows and taken into consideration in the evaluation of the signals of the photodetectors.

摘要翻译： 一种用于自动控制航空照相机的方法和装置，其中透镜描绘在投影区域上溢出的地形，至少两个光电检测器行设置在垂直于地形图像的运动方向的投影区域上，并且 投影面积上的地形图像的运动方向和速度，从光电检测器的信号确定漂移和vg / hg比。 该方法消除了关于飞机纵向和横向（psi）轴的倾斜（ω）引起的vg / hg和漂移的确定中的误差。 为此目的，在对光电检测器行的读取同时确定飞行器的倾斜度（ω，psi），并且在对光电检测器的信号进行评估时考虑。

公开(公告)号：US4490919A

公开(公告)日：1985-01-01

申请号：US338676

申请日：1982-02-16

申请人： Wieland Feist ,  Gerhard Huther

发明人： Wieland Feist ,  Gerhard Huther

IPC分类号： G01C7/00 ,  G01C5/00 ,  G01C7/02 ,  G01C15/00 ,  G01C5/02

CPC分类号： G01C15/002 ,  G01C5/00 ,  Y10S33/21

摘要： The invention relates to a leveling arrangement for measuring the elevations above terrain points, in which a horizontal measuring beam originating from a distance measuring device searches a first deviating means and, after detection, a second deviating means. Both deviating means are perpendicularly arranged above terrain points marked by a stage each, which, in turn are provided with reflectors. The latter reflect to themselves the measuring beam directed by said deviated means upon said reflectors. Thus the measurement of the altitude of the different terrain points is converted into a distance measurement. The deviating means are triple reflectors, detectors can additionally be provided at the deviating means for detecting the measuring beam. The distance measuring device can be swingingly suspended on a vehicle.

摘要翻译： 本发明涉及一种用于测量地形上方的高度的调平装置，其中来自距离测量装置的水平测量光束在第一偏移装置上进行搜索，并在检测之后检测第二偏移装置。 两个偏离装置垂直地布置在由每个阶段标记的地形点上方，反过来又设置有反射器。 后者反映了由所述偏移装置在所述反射器上引导的测量光束。 因此，将不同地形点的高度的测量转换为距离测量。 偏移装置是三重反射器，另外可以在用于检测测量光束的偏离装置处设置检测器。 距离测量装置可以摆动悬挂在车辆上。

公开(公告)号：US4466717A

公开(公告)日：1984-08-21

申请号：US290550

申请日：1981-08-06

申请人： Ludwig Meier ,  Gebhard Kuhn ,  Klaus-Dieter Scharf

发明人： Ludwig Meier ,  Gebhard Kuhn ,  Klaus-Dieter Scharf

IPC分类号： G09B27/00 ,  G02B19/00 ,  G02B27/18 ,  G03B21/20 ,  G03B21/22 ,  G03B21/00

CPC分类号： G02B19/0071 ,  G02B19/0028 ,  G02B19/0047

摘要： This invention relates to an optical system for lantern slide projection, especially for star projectors in planetariums, with the aim of increasing the available light for the projection. The development consists in attaining an increase in brightness and brilliance of the image as well as a reduction in heat generation in the apparatus, through the application of resonator principles.The optical system comprises light sources, condensing lenses which reproduce the lamp filament, and the objective which reproduces the original. A resonator of high transparency which has highly reflective and/or totally reflective boundary surfaces is provided between condensing lens and objective. The boundary surface facing the condensing lens has a light-entrance opening comprising the lamp filament or the image of the lamp filament. The boundary surface lying opposite to that area preferably comprises the original to be projected.The resonator is formed as a glass or hollow body with circular, elliptical or multi-faceted cross-section or as a polyhedron, hollow polyhedron or ball.

摘要翻译： 本发明涉及一种用于灯幻灯片投影的光学系统，特别是用于天文馆中的星形投射器，目的是增加用于投影的可用光。 该发展在于通过应用谐振器原理来实现图像的亮度和亮度的增加以及装置中的热量产生的减少。 光学系统包括光源，再现灯丝的聚光透镜以及再现原稿的物镜。 在聚光透镜和物镜之间提供具有高反射和/或完全反射的边界表面的高透明度的谐振器。 面对聚光透镜的边界面具有包括灯丝或灯丝图像的光入口。 与该区域相对的边界表面优选地包括待投影的原件。 谐振器形成为具有圆形，椭圆形或多面横截面的玻璃或中空体，或形成为多面体，中空多面体或球。

公开(公告)号：US4289401A

公开(公告)日：1981-09-15

申请号：US106069

申请日：1979-12-26

申请人： Joachim Mohr

发明人： Joachim Mohr

IPC分类号： G01J3/18

CPC分类号： G01J3/18

摘要： The invention relates to an optical system for spectral devices which improves the resolution of a spectral line image up to the edge portions by use of at least two collimators. The collimators are adjacently located in direction of dispersion and differently inclined relative to the plane of dispersion of the optical system. The produced spectral sections are imaged on a detector where the number of the collimators used depends on the number of spectral sections.

摘要翻译： 本发明涉及一种用于光谱器件的光学系统，其通过使用至少两个准直器来改善光谱线图像直到边缘部分的分辨率。 准直器相邻地位于分散方向上并且相对于光学系统的色散平面不同地倾斜。 产生的光谱部分在检测器上成像，其中使用的准直器的数量取决于光谱部分的数量。

公开(公告)号：US3879105A

公开(公告)日：1975-04-22

申请号：US45703474

申请日：1974-04-04

申请人： JENOPTIK JENA GMBH

发明人： BROCHE WERNER ,  IGNATIUS ALBERT ,  BRAND GUNTER ,  STIRZEL ADOLF ,  STORCH WILHELM

IPC分类号： G02B23/02

CPC分类号： G02B23/02

摘要： In the housing of a telescope, there is arranged an image reversing system between an ocular and an objective, comprising two prisms, one of which being displaceable in four degrees of freedom. The combination of two of such telescopes can be used in binoculars.

摘要翻译： 在望远镜的壳体中，在眼镜和物镜之间布置有图像反转系统，包括两个棱镜，其中一个可以四自由度移位。 两个这种望远镜的组合可以用于双筒望远镜。