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    Method for replenishing a source gas in a cavitation medium
    1.
    发明申请
    Method for replenishing a source gas in a cavitation medium 审中-公开
    在空化介质中补充源气体的方法

    公开(公告)号：US20070175525A1

    公开(公告)日：2007-08-02

    申请号：US11215899

    申请日：2005-08-31

    申请人： Ross Tessien

    发明人： Ross Tessien

    IPC分类号： F17D1/00

    CPC分类号： B01F11/0266 ,  G01N2013/0266 ,  Y10T137/86187

    摘要： A method of replenishing reactant-depleted cavitation medium within a cavitation chamber without re-pressurizing the entire cavitation system is provided, reactant depletion resulting from the cavitation process performed within the cavitation chamber. In addition to the cavitation chamber, the cavitation system includes a cavitation medium reservoir flexibly coupled to the chamber via a pair of conduits. The flexible couplings allow the relative positions of the cavitation chamber and the cavitation medium reservoir to be varied, thereby providing a means of either forcing the cavitation fluid to flow from the chamber and into the reservoir or from the reservoir and into the chamber. Such fluid flow causes mixing of the cavitation medium contained within the chamber and that contained within the reservoir, thus allowing replenishment of the source, e.g., reactant, within the chamber by mixing the cavitation fluid contained therein with non-depleted fluid contained within the reservoir. Additionally, inducing cavitation fluid mixing by altering the relative positions of the chamber and the reservoir can be used as an aid to degassing.

    摘要翻译： 提供了在空化室内补充反应物耗尽的空化介质而不对整个空化系统进行再加压的方法，由在空化室内进行的空化过程导致的反应物耗尽。 除了气穴室之外，空化系统包括通过一对管道灵活地联接到腔室的空化介质储存器。 柔性联轴器允许空化室和空化介质储存器的相对位置改变，从而提供强制空化流体从室流入储存器或从储存器流入室中的装置。 这种流体流动导致容纳在腔室内和包含在储存器内的空化介质的混合，从而允许通过将容纳在其中的气蚀流体与包含在储存器内的非贫化流体混合在腔室内来补充源（例如反应物） 。 此外，通过改变腔室和储存器的相对位置来诱导空化流体混合可以用作脱气的辅助。

    Surface tension measurement in a pressurized environment
    2.
    发明授权
    Surface tension measurement in a pressurized environment 失效

    公开(公告)号：US6085577A

    公开(公告)日：2000-07-11

    申请号：US43952

    申请日：1998-07-16

    申请人： Tanya C. Christensen ,  Alexander F. Teichmann ,  Victor P. Janule

    发明人： Tanya C. Christensen ,  Alexander F. Teichmann ,  Victor P. Janule

    IPC分类号： G01N13/02 ,  G01N13/00

    CPC分类号： G01N13/02 ,  G01N2013/0266

    摘要： Method and apparatus for measuring the surface tension of a liquid inside a vessel (2), reactor, or inside a section of flow-through process pipe that is pressurized above normal ambient pressure, up to but not limited, to 100 psig (7000 kPa), includes a pair of tubes (2,3) having a small and large orifice in a modular probe assembly that allows the probes to be positioned at selected and variable distances below the surface of the liquid. A high pressure source (4) provides an inert nitrogen or process gas through a pressure regulator (5) to the input of two or three mechanical or electronic mass flow controllers (6,7,8), powered by an external power supply (9), which control the bubble rate at each orifice through manual adjustments, or electronic set points determined by a computer software program, independent of the pressure in the vessel, reactor, or flow-through process pipe. One or more differential pressure transducers (10,11) measure the pressure of bubbles being formed and released from the two orifices. A transducer demodulator circuit (12) converts the resulting fluctuating pressure signal directly to an equivalent fluctuating electrical DC voltage signal. This signal is input to a (13) computer using one or more plug-in analog input/output computer interface circuit boards (14). A software program tracks the differential waveform and captures the maximum differential bubble pressure which is directly proportional to fluid surface tension. A temperature probe (15) and/or other commercially available probe (such as conductivity, viscosity, or density) is immersed at the same level as the orifices to measure liquid temperature, and/or other process parameters. A pneumatic damper (16) smoothes the large orifice signal in the single transducer apparatus (FIG. 1), whereas in a two transdcuer apparatus the average maximum values of the two individual, undampened, pressure signals are electronically substracted to provide the maximum differential bubble pressure which is directly proportional to fluid surface tension.

    Surface tensiometer
    3.
    发明授权
    Surface tensiometer 失效
    表面张力计

    公开(公告)号：US4416148A

    公开(公告)日：1983-11-22

    申请号：US232091

    申请日：1981-02-06

    申请人： John P. Klus ,  Everett E. Gibbons ,  Eric L. Brodsky ,  Victor P. Janule

    发明人： John P. Klus ,  Everett E. Gibbons ,  Eric L. Brodsky ,  Victor P. Janule

    IPC分类号： G01N13/02

    CPC分类号： G01N13/02 ,  G01N2013/0266

    摘要： Apparatus for measuring the surface tension of a liquid contained in a flow-through pressure vessel (60) includes a pair of tubes (50,51) having small and large orifices positioned below the surface of the liquid. A source (10) provides gas through a pressure regulator (15) and a flow regulator (30) to the tubes. The bubble rate from the orifices is controlled by needle valves (40,41) and is made independent of the pressure in the vessel by the flow regulator (30). Differential pressure transducer (70) measures the pressure in the tubes as an indication of surface tension. Check valves (72,73) protect the transducer, and a thermometer (65) measures liquid temperature.

    摘要翻译： 用于测量包含在流通压力容器（60）中的液体的表面张力的装置包括一对具有位于液体表面下方的小孔和大孔的管（50,51）。 源（10）通过压力调节器（15）和流量调节器（30）向管提供气体。 来自孔的气泡率由针阀（40,41）控制，并且通过流量调节器（30）独立于容器中的压力而被制成。 差压传感器（70）测量管中的压力作为表面张力的指示。 止回阀（72,73）保护换能器，温度计（65）可测量液体温度。

    Apparatus for replenishing a source gas in a cavitation medium
    7.
    发明申请
    Apparatus for replenishing a source gas in a cavitation medium 有权
    用于在空化介质中补充源气体的装置

    公开(公告)号：US20070175526A1

    公开(公告)日：2007-08-02

    申请号：US11216201

    申请日：2005-08-31

    申请人： Ross Tessien

    发明人： Ross Tessien

    IPC分类号： F17D1/00

    CPC分类号： B01F11/0266 ,  G01N2013/0266 ,  Y10T137/86187

    摘要： A cavitation system in which a source gas, e.g., a reactant, is loaded into the cavitation medium prior to cavitation is provided. The cavitation system includes a cavitation chamber with suitable cavitation drivers and a cavitation medium reservoir, the chamber and reservoir being flexibly coupled together via a pair of conduits. The conduits can be fabricated from a plastic or, as is preferred for higher temperature liquids, a metal. Typically metal conduits are formed into a coil, thus providing the desired flexibility. Flexibility is required in order to allow the relative positions of the cavitation chamber and the cavitation medium reservoir to be varied. The system is configured such that the cavitation fluid will flow out of the cavitation chamber, through the lower coupling conduit and into the cavitation medium reservoir when the chamber is positioned higher than the reservoir, and flow out of the cavitation medium reservoir, through the lower coupling conduit and into the cavitation chamber when the reservoir is positioned higher than the chamber. As a consequence of this configuration, cavitation fluid can be readily exchanged between the cavitation chamber and the cavitation medium reservoir, thereby aiding the degassing process as well as providing a means of replenishing reactant-depleted cavitation medium.

    摘要翻译： 提供了一种气穴系统，其中源气体，例如反应物，在空化之前装载到空化介质中。 空化系统包括具有合适的气蚀驱动器和空化介质储存器的空化腔室，腔室和储器通过一对管道灵活地耦合在一起。 导管可以由塑料制成，或者对于较高温度的液体，优选为金属。 通常，金属管道形成为线圈，从而提供期望的灵活性。 为了允许空化腔和空化介质储存器的相对位置变化，需要灵活性。 该系统构造成使得当腔室被定位在高于贮存器的位置时，空化流体将通过下部联接管道流出空化腔室并进入空化介质储存器，并且通过下部空气流出空腔介质储存器 当储存器定位在高于室时，联接管道并进入空化室。 作为这种构造的结果，空化流体可以在空化室和空化介质储存器之间容易地交换，从而帮助脱气过程以及提供补充反应物消耗空化介质的方法。

    Downhole PV tests for bubble point pressure
    9.
    发明申请
    Downhole PV tests for bubble point pressure 失效
    泡沫点压力的井下PV测试

    公开(公告)号：US20040260497A1

    公开(公告)日：2004-12-23

    申请号：US10872713

    申请日：2004-06-21

    申请人： Baker Hughes Incorporated

    发明人： Rocco DiFoggio ,  John M. Michaels ,  Jaedong Lee

    IPC分类号： G01N015/08

    CPC分类号： G01N7/00 ,  G01N9/28 ,  G01N33/2823 ,  G01N2013/0266

    摘要： The present invention provides an objective bubble point pressure determination method enables new applications of downhole PV (Pressure Volume) test results such as in situ measurement of the bubble point pressure for use as a quality control parameter for sampling. The present invention provides a method and apparatus to fit data points to a curve and to smooth these points over an interval of N points. The derivative of the curve is determined to obtain peak acceleration. The peak acceleration represents the bubble point pressure. This bubble point pressure is verified by comparison to changes in fluid compressibility and visual observation of a pressure volume plot history.

    摘要翻译： 本发明提供了一种客观的气泡点压力测定方法，可以将现场测量泡点压力的井下PV（压力体积）测试结果的新应用用作采样的质量控制参数。 本发明提供一种将数据点拟合到曲线上并在N个点的间隔上平滑这些点的方法和装置。 确定曲线的导数以获得峰值加速度。 峰值加速度表示泡点压力。 通过与压力容积图历史的流体压缩性和视觉观察的变化进行比较来验证该泡点压力。

    Characterization of liquids using gas bubbles
    10.
    发明申请
    Characterization of liquids using gas bubbles 有权
    用气泡表征液体

    公开(公告)号：US20040144175A1

    公开(公告)日：2004-07-29

    申请号：US10752328

    申请日：2004-01-05

    发明人： Naveen N. Sinha

    IPC分类号： G01N029/00

    CPC分类号： G01N29/036 ,  G01N13/02 ,  G01N2013/0266 ,  G01N2291/02433 ,  G01N2291/02818

    摘要： An apparatus and method is described for measuring properties of bubbles from which certain physical characteristics of the liquid in which the bubbles are generated can be determined. The evolution of a bubble includes (1) formation and growth at a nozzle disposed within the liquid through which a gas is flowed, or formation and growth as a result of cavitation in the liquid from the application of focused acoustic energy to a location within the liquid; (2) detachment and resonance; and (3) rise towards terminal velocity. Measurements of the resonance frequency, the shape oscillation frequency and the terminal velocity of the bubble allow the determination of the density and surface tension of the liquid and the radius of the bubble. Since the properties of the liquid affect the evolution of the bubble, observation of a rising bubble can be used as a tool for characterizing the liquid; as an example, the present invention can be used to monitor changes in the liquid itself or changes in the concentration or integrity of materials dissolved in the liquid.