摘要:
Systems and methods are disclosed herein for a microfluidic calorimeter apparatus. A microfluidic calorimeter system includes a calorimetry apparatus and a processor in connection with the apparatus. The apparatus includes a microfluidic laminar flow channel connected to two inlets for flowing fluid into the laminar flow channel. Below the laminar flow channel is a plurality of microscale temperature sensors at known positions in the channel. The processor is in connection with the discrete temperature sensors and determines a calorimetry measurement based on local temperatures derived from data output by the microscale temperature sensors and the respective positions of the sensors in the channel.
摘要:
A method for dissolved gas analysis is presented. The method includes the steps of irradiating a fluid with electromagnetic radiation; and determining a concentration of a gas as a function of a temperature change of the fluid in response to the irradiation. A device for such an analysis of dissolved gases in a fluid, and a system having such device are also described.
摘要:
A micro-calorimeter apparatus comprises a thermostated housing (3,4,5); a pair of essentially flat heat sinks (9,10), suspended in the housing (2) and thermally floating relative to the environment inside the housing (3,4,5). The heat sinks (9,10) are arranged with their surfaces facing each other. A pair of Peltier elements (11) are thermally attached to the heat sinks (9,10), one element (11) on each heat sink (9,10), on the facing surfaces, forming a gap between them for the accommodation of a generally flat biosensor unit (12).
摘要:
A detector has a thermoelectric sensor and a reactive layer. The thermoelectric sensor is configured to sense heat and to provide an electrical signal based on the sensed heat. The reactive layer is coupled to the thermoelectric sensor and is reactive with an airborne chemical or airborne biological agent of interest. The reaction is exothermic or endothermic. When the airborne agent of interest reacts with the reactive layer, the reaction is detected by the thermoelectric sensor. The electrical signal provides an indication based on the reaction.
摘要:
The molecular weight of a pressurized flowing gas is determined by means of a vortex tube. The temperatures of the inlet gas to the tube and of its outlet hot and cold gas fractions are sensed by e.m.f.-producing temperature sensing means; the resulting e.m.f.'s are fed to a divider circuit which amplifies them, forms differential e.m.f.'s and a ratio of the differential e.m.f.'s, and converts the ratio to the molecular weight of the gas.
摘要:
The concentration of organoaluminum compounds in their solutions can be determined quantitatively, even in a range of less than 10 mmols/dm.sup.3, when adding to the solution to be analyzed instantaneously an excess of reactant and when measuring the produced reaction heat.
摘要:
The present invention provides a new process of the transitiometric scanning technique to determine in an experimental way the minimum miscibility pressure of any sample of hydrocarbon at constant temperature (from the atmospheric temperature to 673 K) in the pressure interval of the atmospheric temperature to 400 MPa, including pressure at which the organic matter will precipitate due to the CO2 injection, based on a transitometric technique which has proved to be reliable, highly accurate and highly reproducible. The apparatus used is based on a highly accurate control of the pVT variables and the calorimetric determination of the present phase transitions during the injection process of gases into hydrocarbons. Accurate control of pVT variables enables the determination of the derivative thermodynamic variables useful to define the type of phase transition.
摘要:
The present invention provides a new process of the transitiometric scanning technique to determine in an experimental way the minimum miscibility pressure of any sample of hydrocarbon at constant temperature (from the atmospheric temperature to 673 K) in the pressure interval of the atmospheric temperature to 400 MPa, including pressure at which the organic matter will precipitate due to the CO2 injection, based on a transitometric technique which has proved to be reliable, highly accurate and highly reproducible. The apparatus used is based on a highly accurate control of the pVT variables and the calorimetric determination of the present phase transitions during the injection process of gases into hydrocarbons. Accurate control of pVT variables enables the determination of the derivative thermodynamic variables useful to define the type of phase transition.
摘要:
An apparatus is provided for sensing an analyte in a fluid. The apparatus includes a fluid collecting device configured to collect the fluid containing the analyte; a fluid input in fluid communication with the fluid collecting device configured to input the fluid containing the analyte into the fluid collecting device, an analyte interactant in fluid communication with the fluid collecting device, wherein the analyte interactant, when contacted by the analyte, reacts to cause a first change in thermal energy within the fluid collecting device; a modulator that causes a second change in thermal energy; a thermal sensing device comprising at least one pyroelectric device thermally coupled to the fluid collecting device to generate a first signal in response to at least one of the first change in thermal energy and the second change in thermal energy; a control device operatively coupled to the thermal sensing device and the modulator that generates a second signal, wherein the second signal comprises information useful in characterizing the analyte. A related method also is disclosed.
摘要:
Systems and methods are disclosed herein for a microfluidic calorimeter apparatus. A microfluidic calorimeter system includes a calorimetry apparatus and a processor in connection with the apparatus. The apparatus includes a microfluidic laminar flow channel connected to two inlets for flowing fluid into the laminar flow channel. Below the laminar flow channel is a plurality of microscale temperature sensors at known positions in the channel. The processor is in connection with the discrete temperature sensors and determines a calorimetry measurement based on local temperatures derived from data output by the microscale temperature sensors and the respective positions of the sensors in the channel.