摘要:
A number of improvements relating to methods and apparatuses for kidney dialysis are disclosed. These include checking of dialysate bypass status using flow measurement; using a flow sensor to confirm the absence of ultrafiltration during bypass; automatic testing of ultrafiltration function by removal of a discrete volume from a portion of the dialysate flow path coupled with a pressure test of that part of the flow path; using a touch screen user interface; bar graph profile programming of ultrafiltration, sodium, and bicarbonate parameters; using a RAM card to upload treatment instructions to, and to download treatment data from, the machine; automatic setting of proportioning mode (acetate or bicarbonate) based on connections of concentrate lines; predicting dialysate conductivity values based on brand and formulation of concentrates; minimizing no-flow dead time between dialysate pulses; initiating operation in a timed mode from a machine power-off condition; preserving machine mode during machine power-fail condition; calibration scheduling and reminding; automatic level adjusting; and blood leak flow rate detecting.
摘要:
An apparatus and method for manufacturing deionized water is provided. Water is supplied to a first conduit. A plurality of reverse osmotic pressure vessels are connected to the first conduit. A filtering experimental vessel is connected to the first conduit, the filtering experimental vessel is separated from the plurality of reverse osmotic pressure vessels. A second conduit is connected to the plurality of reverse osmotic pressure vessels and the filtering experimental vessel for outputting the deionized water. A third conduit is connected to the plurality of reverse osmotic pressure vessels and the filtering experimental vessel for outputting concentrated ion water. The plurality of reverse osmotic pressure vessels and the filtering experimental vessel concurrently or independently separates the supplying water into the deionized water and the concentrated ion water.
摘要:
A microbial resistant water purification and collection system generally comprises a reverse osmosis filter assembly having a filter inlet in selective fluid communication with a system inlet and a filter outlet in fluid communication with a water storage container. The filter inlet is separated from the filter outlet by a filter membrane. At least a portion of the storage container is located at an elevation above the filter membrane such that filling of the storage container creates a head pressure in the storage container relative to the filter membrane. A shut-off valve is interposed the system inlet and the filter inlet to block fluid communication from the system inlet to the filter inlet upon reaching a minimum head pressure in the storage container relative to the filter membrane.
摘要:
Methods and systems for monitoring and/or controlling membrane separation systems or processes are provided. The present invention utilizes measurable amounts of inert fluorescent tracer(s) added to a feed stream to evaluate and/or control the purification of such feed stream during membrane separation. The methods and systems of the present invention can be utilized in a variety of different industrial applications including raw water processing and waste water processing.
摘要:
A process for producing improved alkaline water includes filtering potable source water to remove selected particles and then purifying the filtered water. Selected alkaline minerals are added to the purified water, with the resulting mineralized water being then electrolyzed to produce streams of acidic water and alkaline water, the alkaline water having a pH within the range of 9-10, a TDS range of 22-240 ppm (parts per million) and alkalinity in the range of 12-216 ppm.
摘要:
A water purification system and method based on reverse osmosis is provided. An inlet of supplied water to be purified is driven by a first flow propelling device which drives inlet supplied water flow to an upstream side of a membrane. An outlet of reject water from the upstream side of the membrane is driven by a second flow propelling device. The first and second flow propelling devices are powered by a common driving shaft or otherwise linked or controlled so that a ratio of inlet flow to outlet flow is maintained constant and a rate of permeate flow from a downstream side of the membrane is also kept constant.
摘要:
The invention pertains to a method and a device for desalting water by reverse osmosis, particularly for desalting seawater, in which saltwater (10) is introduced under a first pressure (p1) into a pressure-compensation device (2) and conducted from pressure-compensation device (2) at a second, higher pressure (P2) into a membrane module (3), wherein desalted water (12) and concentrated saltwater (13) are conducted out of membrane module (3), wherein the concentrated saltwater (13) conducted out of membrane module (3) is continuously introduced at roughly second pressure (P2) into pressure-compensation device (2) and used there to apply roughly second pressure (P2) to saltwater (10) introduced into pressure-compensation device (2) and to introduce saltwater (11) into membrane module (3), and wherein the introduction of concentrated saltwater (13) into pressure-compensation device (2) and the conduction of concentrated saltwater (14) out of pressure-compensation device (2) are accomplished by means of controlled main valves (V1,V3,V4,V6). The main valves are subject to high mechanical stresses, particularly during the opening and closing of the valves. To reduce or avoid these, it is provided according to the invention that secondary valves (V2,V2null,V5,V5null) arranged in parallel with main valves (V1,V3,V4,V6) are controlled such that load peaks during opening and/or closing of main valves (V1,V3,V4,V6) are reduced. The invention relates to a method and a device for desalting water with the reverse osmosis, especially for desalting seawater. According to said method, the saltwater (10) is fed into a pressure compensation device (2) at a first pressure (p1) and is then fed from said pressure compensation device (2) into a membrane module (3) at a second higher pressure (p2). Desalted water (12) and concentrated saltwater (13) are guided out of the membrane module (3) and the concentrated saltwater (13) from the membrane module (3) is continuously fed into tho pressure compensation device at approximately the second pressure (p2). Here, said concentrated saltwater is used to subject the saltwater (10) that is fed into the pressure compensation device (2) to approximately the second pressure (p2) and to feed the saltwater (11) into the membrane module (3). The introduction of the concentrated saltwater (13) into the pressure compensation device (2) and the guiding of the concentrated saltwater (14) out of the pressure compensation device (2) takes place by means of controlled main valves (V1,V3,V4,V6). Said main valves are subjected to a considerable mechanical load, especially during opening and closing. In order to reduce or avoid this, the invention provides that secondary valves (V2,V2null,V5,V5null) that are situated parallel to the main valves (V1,V3,V4,V6) are controlled in such a way that the load peaks are reduced for opening and closing the main valves (V1,V3,V4,V6).
摘要:
Wastewater from a chemical-mechanical polishing process (CMP) used in semiconductor chip fabrication has hitherto been, and is still being, discharged into the public sewage system after chemical neutralization and sedimentation. This has the drawback that water consumption is considerable. It is therefore an object of the invention to reduce the total amount of wastewater produced that has to be discharged. This is achieved by the wastewater to be treated being subjected to an ultra-filtration. This allows the treated CMP wastewater to be reused within the plant. In particular, it can be recycled in order again to recover therefrom deionized water of a very high purity for operational purposes, e.g. for CMP.
摘要:
Improvements in product water throughput from a reverse osmosis (RO) membrane filter achieved by thinner feed spacers in the RO element, enhanced recovery (ratio of permeate to feed), pressure recovery of the retentate fluid pressure opposing the feed water pressure, and fluid pulsing of the RO element feed stream. The system of the invention preferably comprises a dual head reciprocating pump, an RO element, and a differential pressure activated (nullDPAnull) valve. The DPA valve, in combination with connecting the two pump heads to reduce required pump pressures, generates energy recovery. The frequency and amplitude of the reciprocating pump create a pulse wave in the RO element that improves permeate quality and throughput. A control system preferably monitors system parameters to optimize the reciprocating pump speed and amplitude in order to obtain maximum throughput and permeate quality from any given RO element configuration. Also a highly compact, portable RO system comprising a piston and a DPA valve. The piston separates the feed chamber from the retentate chamber. The pressure difference between the two chambers determines the pressure recovery of the system. The DPA valve opens and closes hydraulically to automatically control the retentate discharge as the system is pumped.
摘要:
A dialysis machine (1) is provided with a dialysate circuit (3), a blood circuit (2) and a filter (4) having a dialysate compartment (6) connected to the dialysate circuit (3), a blood compartment (5) connected to the blood circuit (2), and a semi-permeable membrane (7) to separate the dialysate compartment (6) from the blood compartment (5). A method for filling and washing the filter comprises the recirculation of a physiological saline in the dialysate circuit (3) and the transfer of the physiological saline from the dialysate circuit (3) to the blood circuit (2) through the semi-permeable membrane (7).