Clumping Litter and Method of Making Clumping Litter Using a Non-Clumping Substrate

    公开(公告)号:US20240099261A1

    公开(公告)日:2024-03-28

    申请号:US18372677

    申请日:2023-09-25

    Abstract: A self-clumping coated substrate litter composed of self-clumping coated substrate litter granules each made of an inner substrate around which is agglomerated a particulate modified starch clumping agent forming an outer coating of the modified starch clumping agent around the substrate. The coating has an inner self-adhering region adhered to the substrate and an outer region of the clumping agent surrounding the inner region defining an outer surface of each granule that has absorption-enhancing microcracks and microscopic upraised projections, including spikes, formed in and on the surface. The coating has a first single time moisture activated moisture cured adhesive and a second moisture reactivated moisture recured adhesive which are both formed of starch modified during ultrahigh pressure extrusion using a single screw extruder. In a method of making, a suitable agglomeration method includes a substrate water wetting method where substrate particles are wetted with water, powdered clumping agent is applied, and the wetted mixture is tumbled until round low tracking agglomerated litter granules are obtained. Another suitable agglomeration method involves application of a slurry of the clumping agent onto substrate particles while being tumbled until rounded low tracking agglomerated litter granules are obtained.

    SYNERGISTIC ZERO-VALENT IRON-BASED GREEN SORPTION MEDIA FOR CONTAMINANT REMOVAL

    公开(公告)号:US20240091738A1

    公开(公告)日:2024-03-21

    申请号:US18521289

    申请日:2023-11-28

    Abstract: A synergistic composition can be used to treat water containing nitrogen compounds and phosphorus compounds. The synergistic composition includes iron filings, clay particles, aluminum particles, and sand particles. The iron filings, clay particles, and aluminum particles act synergistically to remove nitrogen compounds and phosphorus compounds from water. Specifically, the clay particles attract the nitrogen compounds and the phosphorus compounds to be absorbed onto a surface of the iron filings and the clay particles. The aluminum particles react with the nitrogen compounds via an oxidation reaction to form ammonia compounds, and react with the phosphorus compounds to produce aluminum phosphate. As such, the synergistic relationship between the iron filings, clay particles, and aluminum particles remove nitrogen and phosphorus compounds from water and recover the compounds in usable forms, namely, ammonia and aluminum phosphate.

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