Abstract:
A method of determining the content of SO 2 in a beverage product or a food product, such as beer, wine, champagne, fruit juice, etc., the method comprises: extracting a sample of a specific volumetric size of the beverage or food product from the process line, injecting the sample to a sealed sample container defining a specific inner volume exceeding the specific volumetric size of the sample for the generation of a gaseous headspace above the sample within the sealed sample container, allowing the sample to establish in the gaseous headspace a concentration of SO 2 representative of the content of SO 2 of the beverage product, transferring a fraction of the gaseous headspace to an IR measuring apparatus, measuring the content of SO 2 of the fraction of the gaseous headspace by means of the IR measuring apparatus, and determining the content of SO 2 of the beverage product of the basis of the measurement of the content of SO 2 of the fraction of the gaseous headspace, preferably the measurement of the content of SO 2 is performed as a determination of the attenuation of transmission through the fraction at one or more IR wavelengths.
Abstract:
A method and apparatus for sulfate analysis in a sample are provided. A portion of the sulfate contained in the sample is converted to sulfur dioxide, and at least a portion of the sulfur dioxide can be determined. The amount of sulfur dioxide determined can be used to quantify the amount of sulfate in the sample.
Abstract:
An emission measuring system and method provide an accurate, real-time calculation of a particular material emitted from an emission source. Specifically, a CEM system installed in an industrial stack can include a dilution probe located in the stack and a data analyzer that records and analyzes characteristic data of the materials sampled by the dilution probe. A dilution ratio is used to correct for the addition of dilution gas into the stack gas sample to determine the concentration of a particular material that is being emitted from the stack. The dilution ratio is based on a molar flow rate, which can be determined by using specific algorithms and measurements.
Abstract:
An improved method and apparatus for the measurement of sulfur compounds is described. The system comprises a dual burner assembly (4, 14) for the conversion of sulfur-containing compounds to form sulfur monoxide and subsequent detection of sulfur monoxide by ozone-induced chemiluminescence (23). The dual burner assembly (4, 14) also provides for the conversion of hydrocarbons and other chemical constituents of the sample to simple molecules that do not interfere in the formation or detection of sulfur monoxide. The dual burner assembly (4, 14) eliminates the interference observed in the measurement of sulfur compounds from the sample matrix using flame-based or single burner devices for the production of sulfur monoxide and detection by ozone-induced chemiluminescence.
Abstract:
A process and apparatus for the detection and measurement of sulfur in both organic and inorganic sulfur-containing compounds. The process includes admixing a sample from source (10) including a sulfur-containing compound with oxygen from source (14), and then exposing the mixture to a source of combustion causing heat in the presence of a combustion supporting reducing agent (18) at combustion site (12). The resulting combustion products are extracted from the combustion site (12), directed into a low pressure chamber (20) and then contacted with ozone (22) with the result that the sulfur combustion products are converted to chemiluminescent sulfur dioxide. The emitted chemiluminescence is then detected, and may be measured to provide a quantitative indication of the amount of sulfur in the original sample. The preferred source of oxygen is air, the preferred form of combustion heat is a flame, and the preferred form of reducing agent is hydrogen gas.