Abstract:
The present invention provides a process for the fluoridation of the electron rich aryl group (A) in a diaryliodium salt of formula (I). The process comprises contacting a compound of formula (I) with a source of fluoride, wherein in the diaryliodium salt (1), the ring (B) is more electronegative than the ring (A).
Abstract:
A conditionable particulate substrate structure, and in particular a growing medium (2) suitable for the growth of vegetable matter in a surface layer, is described. The structure has a particulate base of soil or the like, a generally planar electrokinetic geosynthetic upper electrode (6) disposed generally horizontally in a surface layer of the particulate base; a lower electrode (8) disposed within the base generally underneath and parallel to the upper electrode, and means to connect an electrical power source (11) between the two electrodes to apply a potential difference thereacross to drive an electro-osmotic process and thus to alter the moisture level in the vicinity of the upper electrode and further to generate gas at the upper electrode. A method for conditioning a substrate, and a method for the creation of a conditioned substrate, are also described.
Abstract:
The encephalopathy caused by ifosfamide and similarly acting compounds can be prevented or treated by the administration of methylene blue or another compound which is able to oxidise a reduced flavin moiety. Pyritinol is able to reduce other aspects of ifosfamide toxicity.
Abstract:
The invention provides gene therapy vectors, such as adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors, expressing a functional fragment of the miniaturized human micro- dystrophin gene and method of using these vectors to express the fragment of micro- dystrophin in skeletal muscles including diaphragm and cardiac muscle and to protect muscle fibers from injury, increase muscle strength and reduce and/or prevent fibrosis in subjects suffering from muscular dystrophy.
Abstract:
The invention relates to telecommunication methods, computer program products, non-transitory machine readable storage medium, graphical user interfaces, usage of those methods and devices, in particular for communicating a message from a first location to a second location, the method comprising the steps of: (i) inputting on a first processing engine on said first location the message; (ii) visually deforming the message; (iii) transmitting said deformed message to said second location; (iv) receiving on a second processing engine said deformed message and displaying it; whereby the degree of deforming in the first processing engine is selected to still allow recognition of the message on the display by a second user of the second processing engine while substantially increasing the processing effort to be used for automated recognition of the message by third processing engines when they would also come in the possession of the deformed message.
Abstract:
A Bacillus strain in which genes encoding HtrA and/or HtrB, and at least one of NprB, AprE, Epr, Bpr, NprE, Mpr, Vpr and WprA have been downregulated or inactivated; and a method for producing a target protein using said strain.
Abstract:
A fuel cell (1) having an electrode comprising an electrocatalyst (32) on a support, wherein the support is a mesh (30) of conductive material such as a metal, metal alloy and metal composite (e.g. titanium or titanium alloy), is disclosed, as well as a method of operating such a fuel cell by contacting a fuel and an oxidant on said electrode. The electrolyte of the fuel cell may be an ion exchange membrane.
Abstract:
A resonant sensor for determining structural property changes, in particular for detecting the presence of chemical or biological species, comprises a structure (2) mounted to be capable of resonating and having a cyclically symmetrical configuration with two independent degenerative modes of vibration of a common natural frequency (f), and means (24,26,28,30,32,34,36,38) for exciting the structure (2) to resonate according to the two degenerative modes, regions (8,12,16,20) of the structure (2) being modified such that, on changes in the structural properties of the modified regions (8,12,16,20), for example by the addition or subtraction of mass, the natural frequencies (f1, f2) of the two modes of vibration become different, the difference in frequencies (?f) being proportional to the change in structural properties.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to fusion proteins (fusion polypeptides), particularly for use in expression and/or purification systems. The present inventors have found that the To1AIII domain has remarkable properties which are of particular use as a fusion protein partner to achieve high levels of expression in a host cell. In one aspect of the invention, a To1AIII domain or a functional homologue, fragment, or derivative thereof is located towards the N-terminus of the fusion polypeptide and a non-To1A polypeptide is located towards the C-terminus of the fusion polypeptide.
Abstract:
A range is disclosed of benzimidazole-4-carboxamide compounds (I) which can act as potent inhibitors of the DNA repair enzyme poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase or PARP enzyme (EC 2.4.2.30), and which thereby can provide useful therapeutic compounds for use in conjunction with DNA-damaging cytotoxic drugs or radiotherapy to potentiate the effects of the latter. In formula (I), R and R' may each be selected independently from hydrogen, alkyl, hydroxyalkyl (e.g. CH2CH2OH), acyl (e.g. acetyl or benzoyl) or an optionally substituted aryl (e.g. phenyl) or aralkyl (e.g. benzyl or carboxybenzyl) group. R is generally a substituted phenyl group in the most preferred compounds. The compounds may also be used in the form of pharmaceutically acceptable salts or pro-drugs.