Abstract:
A process is disclosed for conversion of ammonium salts of β-hydroxy carbonyl compounds forming useful conversion products including, e.g., α, β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds and/or ammonium salts of α, β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds recovered at a high molar yield. Conversion products find use, e.g., as feedstock and/or end-use chemicals.
Abstract:
A method of reducing hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) where a starting material containing HMF in a solvent comprising water is provided. H 2 is provided into the reactor and the starting material is contacted with a catalyst containing at least one metal selected from Ni, Co, Cu, Pd, Pt, Ru, Ir, Re and Rh, at a temperature of less than or equal to 250°C. A method of hydrogenating HMF includes providing an aqueous solution containing HMF and fructose. H 2 and a hydrogenation catalyst are provided. The HMF is selectively hydrogenated relative to the fructose at a temperature at or above 30°C. A method of producing tetrahydofuran dimethanol (THFDM) includes providing a continuous flow reactor having first and second catalysts and providing a feed comprising HMF into the reactor. The feed is contacted with the first catalyst to produce furan dimethanol (FDM) which is contacted with the second catalyst to produce THFDM.
Abstract translation:提供一种还原羟甲基糠醛(HMF)的方法,其中含有HMF的原料在包含水的溶剂中。 H 2被提供到反应器中,起始材料与含有选自Ni,Co,Cu,Pd,Pt,Ru,Ir,Re和Rh中的至少一种金属的催化剂接触, 温度小于或等于250℃。 氢化HMF的方法包括提供含有HMF和果糖的水溶液。 H 2 H 2和氢化催化剂。 在30℃或更高的温度下,HMF相对于果糖选择性氢化。 制备四氢呋喃二甲醇(THFDM)的方法包括提供具有第一和第二催化剂的连续流动反应器,并向反应器中提供包含HMF的进料。 进料与第一催化剂接触以产生与第二催化剂接触以产生THFDM的呋喃二甲醇(FDM)。
Abstract:
A method of oxidizing hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) includes providing a starting material which includes HMF in a solvent comprising water into a reactor. At least one of air and O 2 is provided into the reactor. The starting material is contacted with the catalyst comprising Pt on a support material where the contacting is conducted at a reactor temperature of from about 50°C to about 200°C A method of producing an oxidation catalyst where ZrO 2 is provided and is calcined. The ZrO 2 is mixed with platinum (II) acetylacetonate to form a mixture. The mixture is subjected to rotary evaporation to form a product. The product is calcined and reduced under hydrogen to form an activated product. The activated product is passivated under a flow of 2% O 2 .
Abstract:
The present invention is the addition of a semiconductor material and energy to the reaction mixture of organic, acid (for example, trifluoroacetate), and oxygen. A transition metal ion may be added to the reaction mixture. The semiconductor material converts energy to oxidants thereby promoting oxidation of the organic. Alternatively, using metal in combination with exposure to light may be used.
Abstract:
A method of selectively oxidizing an organic compound in a single vessel comprises: a) combining an organic compound, an acid solution in which the organic compound is soluble, a compound containing two oxygen atoms bonded to one another, and a metal ion reducing agent capable of reducing one of such oxygen atoms, and thereby forming a mixture; b) reducing the compound containing the two oxygen atoms by reducing one of such oxygen atoms with the metal ion reducing agent to, 1) oxidizing the metal ion reducing agent to a higher valence state, and 2) produce an oxygen containing intermediate capable of oxidizing the organic compound; c) reacting the oxygen containing intermediate with the organic compound to oxidize the organic compound into an oxidized organic intermediate, the oxidized organic intermediate having an oxidized carbon atom; d) reacting the oxidized organic intermediate with the acid counter ion and higher valence state metal ion to bond the acid counter ion to the oxidized carbon atom and thereby produce a quantity of an ester incorporating the organic intermediate and acid counter ion; and e) reacting the oxidized organic intermediate with the higher valence state metal ion and water to produce a quantity of alcohol which is less than the quantity of ester, the acid counter ion incorporated in the ester rendering the carbon atom bonded to the counter ion less reactive with the oxygen containing intermediate in the mixture than is the alcohol with the oxygen containing intermediate.
Abstract:
A process of abstracting sulfur from H2S and generating hydrogen comprising dissolving Pd2X2(mu-dppm)2 in a solvent and then introducing H2S. The palladium complex abstracts sulfur, forming hydrogen and a (mu-S) complex. The (mu-S) complex is readily oxidizable to a (mu-SO2) adduct which spontaneously loses SO2 and regenerates the palladium complex.
Abstract:
A composition comprising 2,3-butanediol is dehydrated to methyl vinyl carbinol and/or 1,3-butadiene by exposure to a catalyst comprising (a) M x O y wherein M is a rare earth metal, a group IIIA metal, Zr, or a combination thereof, and x and y are based upon an oxidation state of M, or (b) M 3 a (PO 4 ) b where M 3 is a group IA, a group IIA metal, a group IIIA metal, or a combination thereof, and a and b are based upon the oxidation state of M 3 . Embodiments of the catalyst comprising M x O y may further include M 2 , wherein M 2 is a rare earth metal, a group IIA metal, Zr, Al, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, 2,3-butanediol is dehydrated to methyl vinyl carbinol and/or 1,3-butadiene by a catalyst comprising M x O y , and the methyl vinyl carbinol is subsequently dehydrated to 1,3-butadiene by exposure to a solid acid catalyst.
Abstract translation:包含2,3-丁二醇的组合物通过暴露于包含(a)MxOy的催化剂而脱水成甲基乙烯基甲醇和/或1,3-丁二烯,其中M是稀土金属,IIIA族金属,Zr或组合 并且x和y基于M的氧化态,或(b)M3a(PO4)b,其中M3是基团IA,IIA族金属,IIIA族金属或其组合,以及a和 b基于M3的氧化态。 包含M x O y的催化剂的实施方案可以进一步包括M2,其中M2是稀土金属,IIA族金属,Zr,Al或它们的组合。 在一些实施方案中,通过包含M x O y的催化剂将2,3-丁二醇脱水成甲基乙烯基甲醇和/或1,3-丁二烯,然后通过暴露于固体酸催化剂将甲基乙烯基甲醇脱水为1,3-丁二烯 。
Abstract:
A process and apparatus are disclosed for conversion of β-hydroxy carbonyl compounds forming useful conversion products including, e.g., acrylic acid [CAS No. 79-10-7], acrylates, and acrylamide [CAS No. 79-06-01]. Conversion products find use, e.g., as feedstock and/or end-use chemicals.
Abstract:
The present invention constitutes a class of organometallic complexes which reversibly react with hydrogen to form dihydrides and processes by which these compounds can be utilized. The class includes bimetallic complexes in which two cyclopentadienyl rings are bridged together and also separately pi-bonded to two transition metal atoms. The transition metals are believed to bond with the hydrogen in forming the dihydride. Transition metals such as Fe, Mn or Co may be employed in the complexes although Cr constitutes the preferred metal. A multiple number of ancillary ligands such as CO are bonded to the metal atoms in the complexes. Alkyl groups and the like may be substituted on the cyclopentadienyl rings. These organometallic compounds may be used in absorption/desorption systems and in facilitated transport membrane systems for storing and separating out H2 from mixed gas streams such as the product gas from coal gasification processes.