Abstract:
An electrochemical device includes an anode, a cathode, and a separator interposed between the anode and cathode. The separator includes an anion conductive membrane having a porous substrate having hydrophilic moieties bonded thereto to increase water availability in a vicinity of ionogenic sites contributing to conductivity of the membrane in a presence of aqueous phases imbibed therein.
Abstract:
An apparatus (200) for purifying fluid, the apparatus (100) comprising an ion removal section (202) configured for removing at least part of raw fluid ions of the fluid to be purified, and a purifying section (204) configured for purifying the fluid to be purified after removal of the raw fluid ions.
Abstract:
A method and system for for reducing ion concentration of a solution and converting gas. The system comprising a multi-chamber unitary dialysis cell comprising a gas chamber, a product chamber, and an acid chamber. Ion exchange barriers separate the chambers of the dialysis cell. A first anion exchange barrier is positioned between the product chamber and the acid chamber and a first cation exchange barrier is positioned between the product chamber and the gas chamber. Anions from the solution being treated associate with cations from the acid chamber to form an acid solution in the acid chamber, and cations from the solution being treated associate with anions from the fluid comprising gas to form salt, thereby reducing the ion concentration of the solution being treated and converting at least a portion of the gas into salt.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a polymer blend having an ion conductivity of at least 10 -3 S/cm at room temperature (24 °C) in water and comprising a) a polymer which is a sulfonated poly(arylene sulfone) comprising or consisting of one or more repeating units of the formula -[-SO 2 -Ar(SO 3 M) o -] n , wherein n is an integer from 10 to 10.000, Ar represents an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system with 5-18 ring atoms, M represents a cation, in particular a proton, o means an integer from 0 to 4, and wherein Ar, M and o can be identical or different in various repeating units, independently of each other, and which polymer typically has an IEC of 1.8 to 4.6 meq./g, b) a polymer which is not a sulfonated poly(arylene sulfone) as defined for polymer a) and which comprises Bronsted basic groups and has a pKa value in the range from 2 to 9. Typically, polymer a) and polymer b) are chemically compatible in that polymer a) and polymer b) if present in the same solvent or solvent mixture show less than 5 % precipitation, preferably no visible precipitation, after a time period of at least 1 hour at 24°C after mixing.
Abstract:
A process for preparing an ion-exchange membrane having a textured surface profile comprising the steps(i) and (ii): (i) screen-printing a radiation-curable composition onto a membrane in a patterned manner; and (ii) irradiating and thereby curing the printed, radiation-curable composition; wherein the radiation-curable composition has a viscosity of at least 30 Pa.s when measured at a shear rate of 0.1 s -1 at 20°C.
Abstract:
A spacer for a membrane stack has an upper surface and a lower surface. The upper surface has a raised perimeter surrounding a membrane supporting section. The spacer has one or more protrusions and recesses configured such that the one or more protrusions of a first spacer fit into one or more recesses of a second spacer with the same protrusions and recesses stacked against the first spacer. Optionally, there may be an interference or snap fit. In a stack, membranes are placed on the membrane supporting sections located between spacers. Preferably, the bottom of an upper spacer rests on the raised perimeter of a lower spacer. A spacer may have a hole extending from an edge of the spacer to a the interior of a flow field within the spacer. The hole allows access to the flow field for diagnostic testing and/or sampling.
Abstract:
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Anlage (16) und ein Verfahren zum Separieren von Metallen, insbesondere Seltenerdmetallen. Die Anlage umfasst wenigstens eine Extraktionseinheit (2), mittels welcher die Metalle zumindest teilweise aus einem Lösungsmittel in ein Extraktionsmittel überführbar sind. Mittels wenigstens einer Strippeinheit (17) sind die Metalle zumindest teilweise aus dem Extraktionsmittel in eine Stripplösung überführbar. Hierbei umfasst die wenigstens eine Strippeinheit (17) zumindest eine elektrochemische Trenneinrichtung (18), welche wenigstens eine für Ionen der Metalle durchlässige Membran (19) aufweist. Die wenigstens eine Membran (19) ist für das Extraktionsmittel undurchlässig.
Abstract:
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zur Entsalzung von Wasser mittels Elektrodialyse unter Verwendung von semipermeablen Membranen zwischen zumindest zwei Randelektroden zum Aufbau eines elektrischen Felds, die dadurch gekennzeichnet sind, dass i) als Membranen elektrisch leitfähige, nicht-ionenselektive, für Wasser und Ionen durchlässige Membranen eingesetzt werden, die zum Potenzialausgleich paarweise elektrisch verbunden sind, um einen potenzialfreien Raum zwischen den beiden Membranen eines Paars zu erzeugen; und ii) an den Randelektroden eine zur Vermeidung der Bildung von Elektrolysegasen unterhalb der Elektrolysespannung gehaltene Spannung angelegt wird; wodurch die Lösung im Raum zwischen den beiden Membranen eines Paars mit Salz angereichert und jene außerhalb der Membranpaare an Salz abgereichert wird.