Disclosed is a method to calibrate an accelerator through orbit determination data, which includes the following steps: make sure the zero offset calibration value of an accelerator before the satellite carry out trial orbit transfer and set the pulse equivalent calibration coefficient of the accelerator to 1; compensate the acceleration measured by the accelerator during the trial orbit transfer process; accumulate the velocity increment during the trial orbit transfer according to the compensated measured value by the accelerator; after the orbit transfer, calculate the pulse equivalent calibration value of the accelerator by velocity increment Delta V during the trial orbit transfer according to ground orbit measuring; during the orbit control process, compensate the accelerator measured value according to the obtained pulse equivalent calibration value and the zero offset calibration value of the accelerator before trial orbit transfer; calculate the velocity increment and compare the calculated velocity increment value with the orbit transfer velocity increment value before the orbit control, if the calculated velocity increment value is larger than the velocity increment value before orbit control, the orbit control can be stopped. If not, continue the execution from the orbit control process until the end.