The invention relates to an inverted roller-type positioning micro mobile robot belonging to the technical field of the robot. The invention comprises three inverted roller devices, a photoelectric positioning device and a robot body; wherein, the three inverted roller devices are arranged on the edge of the robot body at equal spacing and the photoelectric positioning device is arranged at the bottom of the robot body. The inverted roller device comprises a spherical roller, a first driving rolling shaft, a second driving rolling shaft, a first common rolling shaft, a second common rolling shaft, a first servo motor, a second servo motor, a first code disk, a second code disk, a first transmission belt, a second transmission belt and three driving balls. The mobile robot can realize omnidirectional rapid movement of the robot, achieve 10um-level positioning and can meet the omnidirectional movement without radius of gyration.