The invention relates to a method for separating molybdenum and nickel from black shale containing molybdenum and nickel, belonging to the metallurgic-chemical technical field. The method is characterized in that the black shale containing molybdenum and nickel is crushed and ground and undergoes oxygen pressure leaching in a pressure pan by using diluted acids and oxidants, and leach solution containing molybdenum and nickel and leached mud are obtained after filtering; ammonium molybdate and nickel sulphate solution are obtained respectively after the leach solution undergoes extraction and back extraction by different back extraction agents. The method leaves out a calcining step existing in the conventional process, thereby avoiding the environmental pollution of gases such as SO2; by the oxygen pressure leaching, molybdenum and nickel in black carbonaceous shale containing molybdenum and nickel are directly converted and dissolved so as to generate molybdenum sulfate acyl((MoO2)SO4) and nickel sulfate(NiSO4) to enter the solution for enrichment, so that the method better realizes the separation and extraction of molybdenum and nickel and is a clean manufacturing technology with reinforced conversion; moreover, the principal process is not limited by changes of mineral compositions.