The present invention relates to a method for quickly replacing a driving wheel. A taper sleeve is arranged between the driving wheel and a mandrel. In the process of mounting, the driving wheel is mounted after the taper sleeve is mounted, that is, the small head of the taper sleeve is on the outside, and a shoulder is arranged on the big head end; the taper sleeve is connected with the driving wheel by bolts; a threaded throughhole for dismounting, the inner end of which is positioned on the shoulder of the taper sleeve, is arranged on the driving wheel. When the driving wheel is replaced, the bolt connecting the taper sleeve with the driving wheel is unscrewed and then screwed in the threaded throughhole for dismounting; when being screwed down, the bolt acts on the shoulder of the taper sleeve; under the counterforce of the shoulder, the driving wheel is dismounted. The method, which can be more reasonably and more safely operated, is widely applicable to the quick mounting and dismounting of a driving wheel such as a driving belt wheel and a chain wheel mounted on a motor shaft or a roller in the mechanical industry, and in particular, the method has advantages in mounting a large-diameter driving wheel.