The invention discloses an aluminum nitride and aluminum nitride/aluminum oxide composite powder synthesis method; wherein, the aluminum nitride/aluminum oxide composite powder synthesis method includes the steps that: the common aluminum powder is grinded with high power through the high-energy ball grinding method, so as to enable the Al powder to be thinning and form the high concentration defect, aberration and unbalance structure, and be in the high energy activation state. In the blowing of inert gases, the aluminum powder after the high energy ball grinding is put to the crucible for natural accumulation; then the aluminum powder is exposed to the air environment and starts the spontaneous combustion after seconds; the combustion wave is propagated up to down and from outside to the inside until the combustion is complete and quenches finally; the composite powder of aluminum nitride and aluminum oxide is obtained; the synthesized powder has no layering, no filling, no residualsource material aluminum powder and complete reaction. The aluminum powder after the high-energy ball grinding can be synthesized to produce pure aluminum nitride through the common self-spreading ordirect azotization method. The aluminum nitride and aluminum nitride/aluminum oxide composite powder synthesis method changes the reactive capability of the aluminum through the simple mechanical activation method so that the low transformation ratio problem is solved.