The invention discloses an aluminium shell lithium ion battery, comprising a shell cover, a sell and an anode/cathode sheet which is contained inside the shell; the shell cover is provided with two electrode lead-out holes which are respectively connected with an anode electrode sealing structure and a cathode electrode sealing structure; the electrode sealing structure comprises a connecting sheet, rivets which are arranged by passing through rivet holes on the battery shell cover, a convex washer which is arranged between the battery shell cover and the rivets, and a concave washer which is arranged between the shell cover and the connecting sheet; the shell cover and the shell are both aluminium shells; at least one of the concave washer and the convex washer of the anode electrode sealing structure is composed of conductive plastic; and the resistance value of the conductive plastic is 10<2> to 10<4> Omega. The aluminium shell lithium ion battery of the invention is prepared by the aluminium shell, can effectively prevent the aluminium shell from being corroded by electrolyte; furthermore, the aluminium shell lithium ion battery is safe and reliable and generates no fire phenomenon.