The invention provides a preparation method of flame retarding and anti-droplet fiber or textile, and the flame retarding and anti-droplet fiber or textile prepared by utilizing the preparation method. In the preparation method of the invention, fiber or textile is padded and grafted with a monomer solution, and subsequently grafted by electron radiation; then, the fiber or the textile is padded with a cross linker solution and treated with baking so as to cause a fibre-forming polymer to form three-dimensional net type structure. Both of the monomer solution and the cross linker solution cancontain flame-retarding elements, and at least one of the two contains the flame-retarding elements so as to lead the synthetic fibers or textiles to realize the dual effects of droplet resistance and flame-retarding. The method of the invention is characterized by strong adaptability to processed objects and good flame-retarding and anti-droplet performance, and the industrialization of the method of the invention is easy to be fulfilled.