The invention discloses a press and pull force converting device with an I-shaped structure, which comprises a pressure device, an upper press block and a lower press block, wherein, two jacking sections are formed by the step that the inner sides of the two sides of the grooved structures of the upper block and the lower block are bent towards the middle; the two jacking sections of the upper press block are respectively positioned at the two sides of an I-shaped web plate and are pressed downwards under a lower margin plate of the I-shaped structure, while the two jacking sections of the upper press block are respectively positioned at the two sides of the I-shaped web plate and are pressed downwards under an upper margin plate of the I-shaped structure; an upper load-bearing plate of the pressure device is arranged at the upper part of the upper press block, while a lower load-bearing plate thereof is arranged at the lower part of the lower press block; the device of the invention achieves pull resisting similar to the I-shaped structure by using a common pressure machine and arranges a ground anchor or assembles devices, such as a huge counter-force frame, and the like, in a preset filed, thereby greatly simplifies process, saving a large amount of rolled steel, avoiding the assembly of huge steel members, requiring no high measure costs for assembly, handling safety facilities, and the like, and improving working efficiency; during an anti-pull process, the integrity of the structure is increased remarkably and safety risk is greatly lowered, thus ensuring safety.