The invention relates to an SoC development method based on an open source processor and an open source operating system, comprising the steps as follows: firstly building an SoC development platform based on the open source processor and then transplanting the open source operating system to the SoC development platform. Step I, an FPGA chip is adopted to build the SoC platform based on the open source processor, a corresponding HDL design file uses a synthesis tool to generate an FPGA net list file and then uses a Quartus tool to generate a download file which is loaded onto the FPGA chip of an SoC hardware platform through JTAG ports; and step II, the open source operating system Linux 2.6 is transplanted to the SoC development platform, a tool chain software cygwin is used to burn and write the open source operating system Linux 2.6 clipped on demand into an ROM. The invention can increase and decrease IO interface configuration and instruction sets of the processor and clip kernels of the operating system, implement the collaborative design of software and hardware on the system-on-chip, obviously expedite the development of the related SoC chip, reduce the risks of stream sheet research and development, and introduce advanced digital circuits, processors and integrated circuit design teaching systems.