The invention relates to a keyboard instrument learning device and a learning method, wherein the learning device comprises a data access unit and an image signal output device, wherein the data access unit stores music and fingering, and the output device can readout the music and the fingering and can output corresponding image signals. The data access unit comprises a processing unit and an image indexing device which is electrically connected, wherein the image indexing device is used to index the image of fingers of a user which is provided with a marking unit and image of a plane on which the fingers are put, when the plane where the fingers are put is a solid keyboard, the processing unit mutually compares the image of the solid keyboard which is indexed by the image indexing device with the a music procedure to be integrated into control signals, and the output device generates corresponding output signals, if the plane where the fingers are put has no solid keyboard, the output device generates output signals with a virtual keyboard, and a user makes fingers on the corresponding marking unit to press a piano keyboard according to output signals, and the processing unit indentifies the accuracy to reach the self-learning purpose of a musical keyboard.