The invention relates to a method of realizing multiple material testing through a single micromechanical cantilever and preparation of a cantilever, characterized in that, different specific recognition sensitive films are respectively deposited at which cantilever high order bending mode amplitude is zero and at a free end of the cantilever, through the characteristics when the amplitude is zero, quality detecting accuracy is zero under high order mode and the quality detecting sensitivity is largest at the free end, frequency variation before and after detection of each cantilever is recorded, quality of different materials adsorbed on each sensitive position is obtained, thereby realizing detecting multiple matters through the single cantilever. The invention is characterized by simple structure, convenient manufacture, easy implementation and good expansibility.