The invention discloses a method for processing very long instructions, which comprises steps of randomly selecting functional units of the same type according to type identifiers of functional units in instruction codes while dispensing the instruction codes to the functional units, decoding the instruction codes to obtain operating instructions required to be executed by the functional units and register files required to be accessed by the functional units, and finally operating after reading data from the register files according to the operating instructions. The method avoids clustering the functional units and accessing the register files via a cross referencing structure, thereby increasing data interchange capacity and improving flexibility of data access of the functional units.