The invention relates to an emergency river characteristic contaminant elimination test method. A test flume is used as a purification tank, and the adsorption property of an adsorbing material to contaminants in the test flume is obtained through the selective adsorbing material which is put in the test flume to adsorb the contaminants in an actual water sample from a paroxysmal contamination accident river in the test flume. An emergency river characteristic contaminant elimination test flume comprises a water flume main body, water inlet and outlet valve groups and a mixer. By utilizing the test flume to simulate the emergency simulation releasing and eliminating test for river paroxysmal characteristic contaminants and utilizing the adsorbing material in the flume to adsorb the paroxysmal characteristic contaminants in a river, the invention can high-effectively and rapidly select the adsorbing material and measure the property of the adsorbing material, thereby being favorable tosolving the river paroxysmal pollution problem and other pollution problems.