The invention discloses a robot for rescuing people fell in a well. A ground composition part comprises a controller, a monitor, a power supply, a clean air source and a hoisting device for hoisting and dropping an underground composition part; the underground composition part comprises a robot body, a lighting device, an air supply device and a pick-up device; the robot body is provided with a body stander, a well wall anchoring mechanism, a mechanism rolling along the well wall, an arm probing mechanism and an arm holding mechanism; and the lighting device, the air supply device and the pick-up device are connected with corresponding equipment and/or units through cables or pipelines. Under the control of ground rescue workers, the underground composition part is dropped to a position above a person fell in the well, and an operator adjusts the posture of the underground composition part according to field information such as video images returned from the underground so as to control the arm probing mechanism and the arm holding mechanism to carry out proper motions and simultaneously supply fresh air or oxygen, so the robot can effectively rescue the people fell in the well indifferent postures.