The invention discloses a self-adaptive controlled-array star sensor, which comprises a plurality of observing view fields and a central signal processing unit comprising a central time sequence controller, a imaging driving unit, a mass center extracting unit, a start atlas recognition unit and an attitude calculation unit, wherein the central sequence controller performs the time sequence control of the observing view fields; the observing view fields shot the images of the star atlases according to the time sequence control and the imaging drive provided by the imaging driving unit; the mass center extracting unit extracts the mass center of star points according to the images of the start atlases; the star atlas recognition unit performs star atlas recognition according to the extracted mass centers of the star atlases; and the attitude calculation unit calculates the attitude of a spacecraft according to the star atlas recognition results. The sensor can improve the attitude measurement precision and data update rate in both a synchronous mode and an asynchronous mode. In addition, with the plurality of observing view fields, the sensor avoids attitude loss caused by influences such as uneven distribution of stars in sky coverage, has excellent dynamic performance, and can reduce weight and save power consumption and cost.