A high-precision three-dimensional positioning device in a small space region based on radio frequency identification comprises a radio frequency identification label component, a positioning identification reader and a data processing terminal, wherein, the positioning identification reader is connected with the radio frequency identification label component through wireless transmission so as to receive a feedback signal or send an actuating signal; the positioning identification reader is connected with the data processing terminal through a serial data transmission line so as to send antenna array position information or receive a positioning instruction. Compared with the prior art, the invention is capable of overcoming the influences of extreme environments and manufacturing techniques and performing high-precision positioning on the objects in any complex environment, provides the positioning precision of centimeter grade, and is flexible, portable and suitable for movable positioning in human body.