The invention discloses a three-dimensional display device of a full-view visual field based on a high-speed projector. The device comprises a high-speed projector, a transmission type directional diffusing screen, a reflector system, a rotation device, a sensor, a rotation synchronous detection module and an upper computer. The high-speed projector projects combined images of the horizontal 360-degree full-view visual fields of three-dimensional objects on the reflector system rotating at high speed, and the images are projected on the fixed cylindrical transmission type directional diffusing screen after the images realize the turning of light paths by the reflector system. The transmission type directional diffusing screen can control the divergence angle of outgoing light, the left eye and the right eye of an observer see images with different visual angles, and the three-dimensional display of the three-dimensional objects on the full-view visual field is realized. The rotation synchronous detection module detects a rotation signal, is communicated with the upper computer and ensures that the positions of the combined images and the position of the rotating reflector system are synchronous. The invention can realize that both eyes of the observer see images with binocular parallaxes in different positions, thereby realizing the three-dimensional display.