The invention relates to the field of coal mine roadway drifting mining transportation, in particular to an anti-explosion diesel engine automatic protection device of coal mine vehicles, which can solve the problems of the protection of the diesel engine in the process of using the anti-explosion diesel engines of underground coal mine special vehicles, and the like. The device comprises a sensor, an altitude valve, an air shut-off valve, an air shut-off air cylinder, a fuel shut-off air cylinder, a lubrication oil pilot operated valve, a two-position three-port air control valve, a shuttle valve, a two-position five-port air control valve, and the like, wherein the sensor is integrated with the air valve; the air valve and the altitude valve are connected with a pressure gas circuit behind the two-position five-port air control valve; the altitude valve is respectively connected with the air shut-off valve and the fuel oil shut-off air cylinder; the air shut-off valve is connected with the air shut-off air cylinder; the two-position three-port air control valve is connected with the pressure supply gas circuits of the two-position five-port air control valve, the shuttle valve, the pressure gas circuit, and the sensor; the lubrication oil pilot operated valve is connected with the two-position five-port air valve, the shuttle valve, the diesel engine and the pressure gas circuit. The invention can be used in the coal mine underground environment containing explosive gases.