The invention discloses lead casting method and equipment of a nuclear radiation protection container. The method comprises the following steps of: after processing a surface of a workpiece to be cast, putting the workpiece on a lifting device, and preheating; then, pouring molten lead through a lead casting pipe from the bottom of the workpiece to be cast; after the lower end of the lead casting pipe soaks into the lead liquid level for a certain distance, starting and lowering the lifting device of the workpiece to be cast so that a lead outlet is kept always below the lead liquid level for a certain distance; after the casting process is completed, carrying out artificial heat insulation on the upper surface of the lead liquid; and finally, naturally cooling. The equipment comprises a melting pot, a lead conveying pipe, a current divider, a lead casting pipe, a lifting device and a preheating device, wherein the lifting device is positioned laterally below the melting pot, the height difference between the upper edge of the lifting device and the bottom of the melting pot is larger than the height of the workpiece, and the preheating device of the workpiece to be cast is arranged at the periphery of the workpiece in the position corresponding to the lower end of the lead casting pipe. A lead layer which is produced by using the method and the equipment of the invention is dense and uniform, has no oxidation and no defects, meets the requirements of the nuclear radiation protection container, and has important practical application value.