The invention discloses a tunnel construction simulation plane strain model test device, which comprises a model rack, a loading system and a data acquisition system, wherein the model rack is used for providing a space for accommodating test models and providing a counter force for the loading system; the loading system comprises a plurality of load bodies and is used for synchronously controlling different load bodies to perform a test for loading at least one set of load body on the test models; and the data acquisition system is used for testing the real-time displacement and pressure stress of the test models in the process of the loading test. The tunnel construction simulation plane strain model test device which is based on a 'loading-first and hole digging-second' test method cansynchronously perform similar model tests of three test models with different parameters and loading conditions, adopts an air bag loading mode, solves the problems of nondurable stability of loadingin the traditional tests and can regulate lateral pressure flexibly.