The invention discloses a GPS floating vehicle-based traffic data fault identification and recovery method, which relates to a traffic information processing method. In the method, the shutdown condition of a floating vehicle is identified in real time to obtain the continuous shutdown time of the vehicle; in combination with intersection control signal timing data, the validity of the single road section travel speed data of the vehicle is identified; and the discreteness and discontinuity of the single road section travel speed data of the vehicle are identified through the real-time judgment of a processor of a computer to recover missing data so that the accuracy of the single road section travel speed data of the vehicle is identified.