The invention discloses a motor control system capable of realizing the high-efficiency recovery of kinetic energy, which comprises a electric control unit, a main control circuit, and a controlled motor; wherein the main control circuit comprises an H type full bridge circuit, a lower voltage loop, and a high voltage loop which are mutually connected in parallel through a direct current bus, and three input ends of the main control circuit are respective a first input end of the full bridge circuit, a second input end of the lower voltage loop, and a third input end of the high voltage loop; an analog signal input end of the electric control unit is connected to an analog signal output end of the controlled motor; the first output end of the electric unit is connected with the first input end of the full bridge circuit, the second output end of the electric control unit is connected with the second input end of the lower voltage loop, and the third output end of the electric control unit is connected with the third input end of the high voltage loop; and the voltage end of the full bridge circuit is the output end of the main control circuit. Without using large power direct current converter, the invention can improve the range and the efficiency of the kinetic energy with the help of the afterflow effect of per se inductance of the motor.