The invention relates to a vertical multi-stage coaxial impact crushing sorting unit, which is structurally characterized in that an impact crushing sorting mechanism or a plurality of impact crushing sorting mechanisms are arranged along a vertical main shaft from top to bottom; the heads and the tails of two adjacent impact crushing sorting mechanisms of the impact crushing sorting mechanisms are in head-tail make connection; the whirling motion crushing cavity of each impact crushing sorting mechanism is a semi-closed annular space the top of which is sealed and the bottom of which is opened; the space is provided with a plurality of pulse exhaust vents communicated with the whirling motion crushing cavity and space in a hopper; in the whirling motion crushing cavity, a reaction conical surface which corresponds to a rotor jet orifice is arranged, wherein the diameter distribution of the reaction conical surface is an inverted big-end-up cone, and the surface thereof is distributed with grinding teeth; and a discharging flange bulges at the inner side of an annular roof in the whirling motion crushing cavity. The single-stage crushing sorting and multi-stage flow crushing are carried out on crushed substances from top to bottom by connecting multi-stage impact crushing sorting mechanisms with similar structures on the vertical main shaft in series in manner of closed circuit, thereby realizing the crushing sorting work of discharge multi-stage flow crushing, discharge impact crushing, discharge whirling motion crushing, discharge centrifugal sorting, discharge centrifugal screening and the like.