The invention discloses a method for quick vehicle type recognition under video monitoring mode, which is implemented according to the following steps: setting up a road monitoring device and classifying the vehicles into cars, taxis marked by special color, microbuses, middle-sized vehicles, public buses and large trucks; step 1, initialization, conducting training to the video monitoring device; step2, extracting the area of the vehicle target area and the length and the width of the boundary rectangle of the area, constructing corresponding characteristics and roughly classifying the vehicles into minitype vehicles, middle-sized vehicles and large vehicles; step 3, extracting the main colors of bodyworks of a plurality of minitype vehicle targets to recognize the taxis, then extracting the characteristic parameter of window position of the minitype vehicles, and furthermore, determining the microbuses or cars; and step 4, extracting the characteristic parameters of roof brightness and roof texture to determine whether the large vehicles are public buses or not. Through the method, a variety of vehicles can be recognized quickly and accurately according to the classification characteristics.